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The site was identified as important in 2016 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	11,550-20,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C2
Smew Mergellus albellus	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	625-1,874 individuals	B1i, C2, C6
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	non-breeding	2011-2015	28,645-55,107 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	winter	2011-2015	4,065 individuals	B2
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	50,400-82,018 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Gadwall Mareca strepera	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	1,535-2,838 individuals	B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	35,083-45,584 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter	2011-2015	27,540 individuals	B3
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	41,391-64,751 individuals	B1i, C3
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	9,543-11,907 individuals	B1i, C3
Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	156 breeding pairs	B3, C6
Black Tern Chlidonias niger	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	534-1,488 individuals	C6
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	1 breeding pairs	C6
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	non-breeding	2011-2015	143,495-202,083 individuals	A4iii, C4

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2016) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2016. The most recent assessment (2018) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Residential and commercial development	likely in short term (within 4 years)	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Pollution	likely in short term (within 4 years)	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	medium
Transportation and service corridors	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Energy production and mining	likely in short term (within 4 years)	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Very little or no conservation action taking place	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
-	Kogen	Nature Reserve	<1
-	De Drost, Hooft, Warenar	Nature Reserve	<1
-	Ijdoorn	Nature Reserve with Management Subsidy	<1
-	Uiterdijken	Nature Reserve	<1
1990	Kustzone Muiden	Natural Monument	<1
2000	Markermeer & IJmeer	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	100
2000	Markermeer	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	89
2000	IJmeer	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	11
2002	Markermeer & IJmeer	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
2010	Markermeer & IJmeer	Natuurbeschermingswet	100

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Marine Coastal/Supratidal		100

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
water management	100
tourism/recreation	100
fisheries/aquaculture	90
urban/industrial/transport	40
hunting	5

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Markermeer & IJmeer (Netherlands). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/markermeer-&-ijmeer-iba-netherlands on 22/11/2024.