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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2016 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	11,550–20,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C2
Smew Mergellus albellus	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	625–1,874 birds	B1i, C2, C6
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	non-breeding (2011–2015)	28,645–55,107 birds	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	winter (2011–2015)	4,065 birds	B2
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	50,400–82,018 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Gadwall Mareca strepera	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	1,535–2,838 birds	B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	35,083–45,584 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter (2011–2015)	27,540 birds	B3
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	41,391–64,751 birds	B1i, C3
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	9,543–11,907 birds	B1i, C3
Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus	LC	breeding (2011–2015)	156 pairs	B3, C6
Black Tern Chlidonias niger	LC	non-breeding (2011–2015)	534–1,488 birds	C6
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	LC	breeding (2011–2015)	1 pairs	C6
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	non-breeding (2011–2015)	143,495–202,083 birds	A4iii, C4

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2016. The most recent assessment (2018) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Natural system modifications	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Residential and commercial development	likely in short term (<4 years)	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Pollution	likely in short term (<4 years)	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Climate change and severe weather	likely in short term (<4 years)	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	medium
Transportation and service corridors	likely in short term (<4 years)	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	medium
Energy production and mining	likely in short term (<4 years)	few indivi­duals/small area (<10%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Whole area (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A compre­hensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Very little or no conservation action taking place	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation (management category)	% coverage of IBA
-	Ijdoorn	Nature Reserve with Management Subsidy (-)	<1
-	De Drost, Hooft, Warenar	Nature Reserve (-)	<1
-	Kogen	Nature Reserve (-)	<1
-	Uiterdijken	Nature Reserve (-)	<1
1990	Kustzone Muiden	Natural Monument (-)	<1
2010	Markermeer & IJmeer	Natuurbeschermingswet (IV)	100

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	100

Land use	% of IBA
water management	100
tourism/recreation	100
fisheries/aquaculture	90
urban/industrial/transport	40
hunting	5

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Markermeer & IJmeer (Netherlands). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/markermeer-&-ijmeer-iba-netherlands on 23/12/2024.