Current view: Text account
Site description (2001 baseline):
Site location and context
The Chobe river rises in the Angolan highlands. It is called the Kwando river where it enters Botswana, and then becomes the Linyanti, the Itenge, and near Ngoma Gate, the Chobe river. The Chobe river lies between the Caprivi Strip to the north and Chobe National Park to the south, forming this large park’s northern boundary. The Okavango Delta is linked to the Linyanti swamp via the Magweggana or Selinda spillway. The main habitats are riparian woodland (including mopane), flood-plain grasslands, swamp vegetation and, away from the river,
Baikiaea woodlands. Papyrus
Cyperus and reed
Phragmites occur in the Linyanti swamp, along open sections of the Chobe and in lagoons. On islands in the swamp grow palms (
Hyphaene and
Phoenix) and
Lonchocarpus trees. The
Baikiaea woodlands have a well-developed understorey of shrubs and grasses. The area on the Chobe river, from the eastern perimeter fence of the Mowana Safari Lodge eastwards to the Chobe Farms, is ecologically unique in Botswana, comprising the country’s only river-rapids as well as a small kopje and riverine woodland. This area supports a flora and avifauna not found elsewhere in the country. There is some wildlife tourism on either side of the river, and artisanal hunting and fishing occurs, as does grass-, reed- and sedge-cutting.
See Box and Table 2 for key species. The Linyanti/Chobe wetlands support a wide range of birds, most of which also occur in the Okavango Delta.
Grus carunculatus is regularly seen in small numbers, as too is
Egretta vinaceigula. Regionally threatened species include
Ciconia episcopus,
Anastomus lamelligerus,
Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis,
Leptoptilos crumeniferus,
Caprimulgus natalensis and, at Kasane rapids, a pair of
Scotopelia peli.
Pelecanus rufescens has bred, while 500–700
Pelecanus onocrotalus occur regularly in the non-breeding season. Regionally near-threatened species include
Gorsachius leuconotus,
Macheiramphus alcinus,
Podica senegalensis,
Microparra capensis,
Vanellus albiceps,
V. crassirostris,
Gallinula angulata and
Centropus
grillii.Of note on the lower Chobe are
Rynchops flavirostris (10–20 pairs breed),
Alcedo semitorquata, about three pairs of
Cercotrichas quadrivirgata (confined in Botswana to the extreme north of Chobe National Park and the rapids area), and 10–20 pairs of
Glareola nuchalis (from September to early February, when boulders are exposed). In the swamp vegetation occur several species scarce elsewhere in Botswana (other than in the Okavango Delta), notably
Acrocephalus rufescens, found on the Kwando and Savuti channel and discovered recently too on the Chobe,
Amblyospiza albifrons,
Ploceus xanthopterus and
Euplectes axillaris. Many species characteristic of the Kalahari–Highveld biome are well represented here. The
Baikiaea woodlands support an interesting range of species, including
Falco dickinsoni,
Coracias spatulata,
Camaroptera stierlingi and the Palearctic migrant
Locustella fluviatilis.
Non-bird biodiversity: Among large mammals, populations of Loxodonta africana (EN) are high, but other species on both sides of the river (and especially outside Chobe National Park) are suffering serious declines, including Tragelaphus spekei (LR/nt).
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
A small length (c.54 km upriver from Kasane to Ngoma Bridge) of the Chobe riverfront on the Botswana side is included within Chobe National Park, whilst Chobe Forest Reserve lies adjacent to the flood-plain for a further 80 km, but the Linyanti swamp, the Chobe rapids area and the rest of the Chobe’s flood-plain have little or no protection, either in Botswana or in neighbouring Namibia. On the Namibian side of the river, and in Botswana outside Chobe National Park, there is fairly heavy human settlement, with large numbers of cattle; numerous deliberate fires are destroying flood-plain vegetation, including reedbeds, and snaring and poaching are widespread, affecting birds as well as mammals. Very large numbers of
Loxodonta africana, which concentrate in the dry season along the river, have caused extensive damage to the riparian woodlands. River craft used by tourists and local craft potentially cause disturbance to breeding birds
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Linyanti swamp/Chobe river (Botswana). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/linyanti-swamp-chobe-river-iba-botswana on 23/12/2024.
