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The site was identified as important in 2007 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	passage	2007	350 individuals	A1, A4i
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus	LC	passage	2007	872 individuals	A4i
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	LC	passage	2007	3,530 individuals	A4i
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	passage	2007	20,000-49,999 individuals	A4iii

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2007) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2007. The most recent assessment (2010) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	1	48	individuals	100	favourable
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna	800	500	individuals	63	unfavourable
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	60	117	individuals	100	favourable
Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni	60	16	individuals	27	very unfavourable

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Artificial/Terrestrial	moderate (70-90%)	poor (40-69%)	very unfavourable
Wetlands (inland)	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable
Desert	good (> 90%)	good (> 90%)	favourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Climate change and severe weather	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Pollution	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	not assessed

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
1967	Jalturkulskiy	Zakaznik	11

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Desert	Desert & semi-desert - clay, Desert & semi-desert - salty, Desert & semi-desert - sandy	60
Wetlands (inland)	Standing brackish & salt water, Standing fresh water, Water-fringe vegetation	35
Artificial/Terrestrial	Other urban & industrial areas, Ruderal land	5

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
rangeland/pastureland	50
hunting	30
fisheries/aquaculture	20

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Kushum Lakes (Kazakhstan). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kushum-lakes-iba-kazakhstan on 23/11/2024.