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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2007 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis	VU	passage (1997–2007)	120–2,704 birds	A1, A4i
Greylag Goose Anser anser	LC	passage (1997–2005)	565–3,722 birds	A4i
Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons	LC	passage (1997)	428–11,926 birds	A4i
Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus	VU	passage (2007)	74–170 birds	A1, A4i
Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula	LC	passage (2005)	28,000 birds	A4i
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna	LC	passage (2005–2007)	1,127–2,139 birds	A4i
Common Pochard Aythya ferina	VU	passage (2005–2007)	8,900 birds	A4i
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula	LC	passage (2005–2007)	9,200–13,000 birds	A4i
Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata	LC	passage (2005–2007)	17,000–47,000 birds	A4i
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	passage (2005)	21,000 birds	A4i
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos	LC	passage (2005)	19,000 birds	A4i
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus	LC	passage (2005)	1,610 birds	A4i
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	NT	breeding (1999–2007)	34–60 birds	A1, A3
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	NT	non-breeding (2001)	35–85 birds	A1
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea	VU	passage (2001)	20,000-49,999 birds	A4i
Dunlin Calidris alpina	NT	passage (2001)	10,000-19,999 birds	A4i
Little Stint Calidris minuta	LC	passage (2001)	50,000-99,999 birds	A4i
Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni	NT	breeding (2004)	25–150 adults	A1, A3
Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus	NT	breeding (1999–2007)	< 50 birds	A1, A3
Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus	VU	breeding (2003–2007)	30–50 pairs	A1, A3
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	passage (1988–2005)	36,000–558,000 birds	A4iii

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2007. The most recent assessment (2010) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Grassland	moderate (70–90%)	moderate (70–90%)	poor
Wetlands (inland)	moderate (70–90%)	moderate (70–90%)	poor

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Climate change and severe weather	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Residential and commercial development	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	not assessed

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Wetlands (inland)	55	Rivers & streams; Standing brackish & salt water; Water-fringe vegetation
Grassland	40	Mesophile grassland & tall grass steppe; Steppes & dry calcareous
Artificial/Terrestrial	5	Other urban & industrial areas
Forest	minor (<10)	Wooded steppe
Shrubland	minor (<10)	Scrub

Land use	% of IBA
hunting	50
rangeland/pastureland	30
energy production and mining	5
urban/industrial/transport	5

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Kushmurun Lake (Kazakhstan). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kushmurun-lake-iba-kazakhstan on 23/12/2024.