Site description (2004 baseline):
AVIFAUNA: Birds are clearly the most important and conspicuous taxa to justify the conservation of this wetland. Between late October and early November, many flocks of wintering waterbirds stop over at this site before continuing their southbound journey. Counts of ducks during 2000 and 2001 ranged from 45,000 - 65,000. The principal duck species were Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Common teal Anas crecca, Wigeon Anas penelope, some Coot Fulica atra and Redcrested Pochard Netta rufina. The most common wader species that uses this wetland as a stopover site is the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa; one flock in the year 2000 numbered 4,000 (Gopi Sunder pers. comm. 2003). The largest flock of the Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus counted in this marsh numbered 300 individuals in the winter of 2001. Over 150 species of birds have been sighted in and along the wetland, and include bitterns, crakes, moorhens, lapwings, spoonbills, and wagtails (Gopi Sunder pers. comm. 2003). Apart from the congregation of 200 Sarus Cranes (Gopi Sunder 2001) the wetland is also home to a minimum of eight breeding pairs of this species, most of which were able to raise at least one chick a year between 1999-2002; a minimum of 13 young Sarus dispersed from these territories in this period (Gopi Sunder pers. comm. 2003). Colour-banding of Sarus Crane chicks living in the area indicated that the territory sizes of these pairs were much smaller than the average for the region, indicating better territory quality for these cranes. One breeding pair of Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus uses this marsh as part of its territory, and has been seen to breed successfully in 1999 and 2001. The largest count of the Lesser Whistling teal in the wetland was 15,000 in October 2000.
OTHER KEY FAUNA: Other fauna that inhabit the wetland include a very healthy population of the Soft-shelled Turtle Lissemys punctata and a few Pond Terrapins Geoclemys hamiltonii. Signs of Common Otter Lutra lutra can be frequently obtained around the wetland, but they are decidedly rare. A thriving population of Jungle Cat Felis chaus lives among the reeds the year round.
Waterfowl are hunted regularly during the winter but not for commercial purposes. With increased awareness among the villagers in recent years, this practice is severely discouraged. The marsh is hedged by crop fields on all sides, and agricultural expansion is the most serious threat to the waterbody. The panchayat (village council) has most of the power to regulate human activities in the area, and so far, has succeeded in maintaining the area as common grazing grounds for cattle, and for collection of lotus. Increased inflow of water due to unplanned work by the State Irrigation Department and other departments has been responsible for aggravating public opinion against maintenance of the wetland, and pressure to completely drain the wetland is growing increasingly. However, the biggest and long-term threat is the wetlands drainage project funded by the World Bank. Construction of a culvert at Kudaiyya has resulted in the decline of the resident Sarus population from over 200 to just 22 (Gopi Sunder 2001).
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Kudaiyya marshland (India). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kudaiyya-marshland-iba-india on 23/12/2024.