Current view: Text account
Site description (2001 baseline):
Site location and context
The site consists of a number of low, alluvial islands in the Gambia River, between the town of Kaur in the west almost as far east as the divisional capital Janjanbureh (Georgetown), where permanent saline water is replaced with fresh and where mangrove gradually gives way to freshwater riverine forest and thickets, much of which have been cleared. Between Kaur and Kuntaur is a line of seven islands separated by narrow channels and covered with
Phragmites karka reedbeds. There are also three smaller islands, including Bird Island, covered with scrub. Further east, between Kuntaur and Georgetown, are two groups of islands, those of the Gambia River National Park and the Kai Hai Islands. Both groups are fringed with seasonally flooded riverine forest, dominated by
Mitragyna inermis. MacCarthy Island, upon which Georgetown is located, is excluded from the IBA.
See Box for key species. This length of the river is an important roosting area for non-breeding wildfowl. Numbers are highly variable, with maxima of more than 10,000
Dendrocygna viduata and
Anas querquedula, thousands of
Plecopterus gambensis and an apparently declining population of
Sarkidiornis melanotos, which is now recorded only in hundreds. The diminutive Bird Island, north of Kuntaur, has the only large mixed waterbird colony on the river. Although with fewer than 1,000 pairs, it is the national stronghold for breeding
Phalacrocorax africanus,
Anhinga rufa,
Casmerodius albus and, possibly,
Nycticorax nycticorax. Bird Island is also a roost site for 15,000–20,000 herons, egrets, darters and cormorants, including up to 9,500
Bubulcus ibis. Other island roosts probably remain to be discovered. Little is known of the birds of the islands with the
Phragmites reedbeds, which are potential strongholds for breeding
Ixobrychus minutus and Rallidae, feeding areas for waterfowl, herons and egrets and roost sites for Palearctic Hirundinidae and Motacillidae. The riverine forest of the Gambia River National Park has isolated populations of a few forest species, including two species of the Guinea–Congo Forests biome; see Table 2. These include
Pyrenestes sanguineus which, in The Gambia, is found only here and in the nearby Nianimaru and Gassang forests on the mainland.
Non-bird biodiversity: The majority of recent sightings of Trichechus senegalensis (VU) are from this part of the river.
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
The western swamp islands have no permanent settlements but there is some rice cultivation on several. In the late dry season a few cattle are brought over to graze and temporary settlements are established. The Gambia River National Park was gazetted in 1978 and is managed by the DPWM. The islands of the park are undisturbed, have no public access and are the site of a chimpanzee rehabilitation project. The Kai Hai islands are more intensively cleared for rice and banana cultivation. A baboon rehabilitation project started in 1998 on a small island in this group. There is some artisanal fishing on the river and a few groundnut barges and tourist boats ply the channels. The other islands are vulnerable to expanding rice cultivation. This length of the river is known to be popular with the few expatriate wildfowl hunters. There is no information on the levels of local hunting but, as ammunition is expensive, only geese populations are likely to be threatened.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Islands of the Central River Division (Gambia). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/islands-of-the-central-river-division-iba-gambia on 23/12/2024.
