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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	winter (2000)	500–700 birds	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	resident (2000)	15–30 pairs	A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6
Greylag Goose Anser anser	LC	winter (2000)	45,000–80,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna	LC	winter (2000)	3,000–6,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris	NT	resident (2000)	30–50 pairs	A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6
Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris	NT	winter (2000)	max 600 birds	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	LC	winter (2000)	max 10,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	LC	resident (2000)	800–1,200 pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata	LC	winter (2000)	max 100,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Gadwall Mareca strepera	LC	winter (2000)	1,000–2,000 birds	B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter (2000)	120,000–130,000 birds	A4i, B1i, B3, C3
Northern Pintail Anas acuta	LC	winter (2000)	max 40,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Common Teal Anas crecca	LC	winter (2000)	max 170,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C3
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	LC	winter (2009)	10,565–52,675 birds	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	LC	resident (2000)	300–3,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio	LC	resident (2000)	max 5,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata	LC	resident (2009)	5–17 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	winter (2000)	50–100 birds	B1i, C2
White Stork Ciconia ciconia	LC	resident (2000)	900–1,000 pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	LC	resident (2000)	max 1,500 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus	LC	resident (2009)	1,000–3,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax	LC	resident (2000)	1,500–2,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides	LC	breeding (2000)	250–300 pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	LC	breeding (2000)	500–700 pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Little Egret Egretta garzetta	LC	resident (2000)	max 5,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	LC	resident (2000)	4,000–7,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus	LC	resident (2000)	max 20,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus	LC	breeding (2007)	124–2,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus	LC	winter (2000)	30,000–40,000 birds	A4i, B1i, C2
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata	NT	winter (2000)	2,000–3,000 birds	A1, C1
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	NT	winter (2000)	40,000–50,000 birds	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3
Common Redshank Tringa totanus	LC	resident (2000)	4,000–8,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola	LC	breeding (2000)	7,000–10,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei	LC	resident (2007)	300–574 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	winter (2009)	max 444 birds	A1, C1
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	passage (2009)	2,000–5,000 birds	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2
Little Tern Sternula albifrons	LC	breeding (2000)	1,800–2,500 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida	LC	breeding (2000)	5,000–8,000 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black Tern Chlidonias niger	LC	breeding (2000)	10–15 pairs	C6
Common Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica	LC	breeding (2000)	800–2,300 pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident (2009)	max 9 pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Western Marsh-harrier Circus aeruginosus	LC	resident (2000)	130–150 pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	breeding (2000)	max 80 pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans	LC	breeding (2000)	max 2,000 pairs	B2, C6
A4iv Species group - soaring birds/cranes	n/a	passage (1996)	min 20,000 birds	A4iv, B1iv, C5
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	passage (1996)	min 20,000 birds	A4iii, C4
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	resident (1994–1996)	30,000–35,000 pairs	A4iii, C4
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	winter (1990–1996)	280,000–500,000 birds	A4iii, C4

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2016) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Climate change and severe weather	happe­ning now	whole of popul­ation/area (>90%)	moderate decline (10–30% over 3 gener­ations)	very high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Transportation and service corridors	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Pollution	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	slow decline (1–10% over 3 gener­ations)	medium
Residential and commercial development	happe­ning now	most of popul­ation/area (50–90%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Energy production and mining	happe­ning now	some of popul­ation/area (10–49%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Natural system modifications	happe­ning now	few indivi­duals/small area (<10%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Biological resource use	happe­ning now	few indivi­duals/small area (<10%)	no or slight decline (<1% over 3 gener­ations)	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Whole area (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A management plan exists, but it is out of date or not compre­hensive	Some limited conservation initiatives are in place	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation (management category)	% coverage of IBA
1969	Doñana	Parque Nacional (II)	21
1980	Doñana	UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve (UA)	31
1989	Doñana	Parque Natural (V)	22
1989	Brazo del Este	Paraje Natural (II)	1
1989	Marismas del Río Palmones	Paraje Natural (II)	20
1991	Cañada de los Pájaros	Reserva Natural Concertada (IV)	<1
1994	Doñana National Park	World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) (UA)	21
2000	Dehesa de Abajo	Reserva Natural Concertada (IV)	<1
2001	Acebuches del Rocío	Monumento Natural (III)	<1
2003	Corredor verde del Guadiamar	Paisaje Protegido (V)	<1
2003	Pino Centenario del Parador de Mazagón	Monumento Natural (III)	-

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Forest	20	Native coniferous woodland; Alluvial and very wet forest; Broadleaved evergreen woodland
Shrubland	20	Sclerophyllous scrub, garrigue and maquis
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	major (>10)
Artificial/Terrestrial	-	Arable land; Forestry plantations
Grassland	-	Humid grasslands
Marine Intertidal	-

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	26
forestry	26
hunting	26
nature conservation and research	26
fisheries/aquaculture	-
military	-
tourism/recreation	-
urban/industrial/transport	-
water management	-
other	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Guadalquivir marshes (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/guadalquivir-marshes-iba-spain on 25/12/2024.