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The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	winter	2000	500-700 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	resident	2000	15-30 breeding pairs	A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6
Greylag Goose Anser anser	LC	winter	2000	45,000-80,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna	LC	winter	2000	3,000-6,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris	NT	resident	2000	30-50 breeding pairs	A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6
Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris	NT	winter	2000	max 600 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	LC	winter	2000	max 10,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	LC	resident	2000	800-1,200 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata	LC	winter	2000	max 100,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Gadwall Mareca strepera	LC	winter	2000	1,000-2,000 individuals	B1i, C3
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	LC	winter	2000	120,000-130,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, B3, C3
Northern Pintail Anas acuta	LC	winter	2000	max 40,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Common Teal Anas crecca	LC	winter	2000	max 170,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C3
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	LC	winter	2009	10,565-52,675 individuals	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	LC	resident	2000	300-3,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio	LC	resident	2000	max 5,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata	LC	resident	2009	5-17 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	winter	2000	50-100 individuals	B1i, C2
White Stork Ciconia ciconia	LC	resident	2000	900-1,000 breeding pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	LC	resident	2000	max 1,500 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus	LC	resident	2009	1,000-3,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax	LC	resident	2000	1,500-2,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides	LC	breeding	2000	250-300 breeding pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	LC	breeding	2000	500-700 breeding pairs	B1i, B2, C2, C6
Little Egret Egretta garzetta	LC	resident	2000	max 5,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	LC	resident	2000	4,000-7,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus	LC	resident	2000	max 20,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C2, C6
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus	LC	breeding	2007	124-2,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus	LC	winter	2000	30,000-40,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C2
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata	NT	winter	2000	2,000-3,000 individuals	A1, C1
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	NT	winter	2000	40,000-50,000 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3
Common Redshank Tringa totanus	LC	resident	2000	4,000-8,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola	LC	breeding	2000	7,000-10,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei	LC	resident	2007	300-574 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	winter	2009	max 444 individuals	A1, C1
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	passage	2009	2,000-5,000 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2
Little Tern Sternula albifrons	LC	breeding	2000	1,800-2,500 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida	LC	breeding	2000	5,000-8,000 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Black Tern Chlidonias niger	LC	breeding	2000	10-15 breeding pairs	C6
Common Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica	LC	breeding	2000	800-2,300 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident	2009	max 9 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Western Marsh-harrier Circus aeruginosus	LC	resident	2000	130-150 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	breeding	2000	max 80 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans	LC	breeding	2000	max 2,000 breeding pairs	B2, C6
A4iv Species group - soaring birds/cranes	n/a	passage	1996	min 20,000 individuals	A4iv, B1iv, C5
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	passage	1996	min 20,000 individuals	A4iii, C4
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	resident	1994-1996	30,000-35,000 breeding pairs	A4iii, C4
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	winter	1990-1996	280,000-500,000 individuals	A4iii, C4

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2011) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2016) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Natural system modifications	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Climate change and severe weather	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	very high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Pollution	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Residential and commercial development	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Energy production and mining	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Biological resource use	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A management plan exists but it is out of date or not comprehensive	Some limited conservation initiatives are in place	medium

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
-	Brazo del este	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	1
1969	Doñana	Parque Nacional	21
1980	Doñana	UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve	31
1982	Doñana	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	20
1988	Doñana	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	45
1989	Doñana	Parque Natural	22
1989	Brazo del Este	Paraje Natural	1
1989	Marismas del Río Palmones	Paraje Natural	20
1991	Cañada de los Pájaros	Reserva Natural Concertada	<1
1994	Doñana National Park	World Heritage Site (natural or mixed)	21
1997	Doñana	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	50
1997	Doñana Norte y Oeste	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	7
1998	La Corchuela	Parque Periurbano	<1
1999	Bajo Guadalquivir	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
1999	Dehesa del Estero y Montes de Moguer	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
1999	Corredor Ecológico del Río Guadiamar	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Dehesa de Abajo	Reserva Natural Concertada	<1
2000	Dehesa de Torrecuadros y Arroyo de Pilas	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2001	Brazo del Este	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	1
2001	Acebuches del Rocío	Monumento Natural	<1
2003	Corredor verde del Guadiamar	Paisaje Protegido	<1
2003	Pino Centenario del Parador de Mazagón	Monumento Natural	-
2007	Paraje Natural Brazo del Este	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	1
2012	Doñana	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	45
2015	Bajo Guadalquivir	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	2
2015	Corredor Ecológico del Río Guadiamar	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	<1
2016	Doñana Norte y Oeste	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	3

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Forest	Native coniferous woodland, Alluvial and very wet forest, Broadleaved evergreen woodland	20
Shrubland	Sclerophyllous scrub, garrigue and maquis	20
Marine Coastal/Supratidal		major (>10)
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable land, Forestry plantations	-
Grassland	Humid grasslands	-
Marine Intertidal		-

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	26
forestry	26
hunting	26
nature conservation and research	26
fisheries/aquaculture	-
military	-
tourism/recreation	-
urban/industrial/transport	-
water management	-
other	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Guadalquivir marshes (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/guadalquivir-marshes-iba-spain on 24/11/2024.