• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Map
• Reference and further resources

The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Cory's Shearwater Calonectris borealis	LC	passage	2005-2007	489,607-673,032 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C2
Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus	CR	passage	2007	12,864-27,631 individuals	A1, A4ii, B1ii, C1, C2
Northern Gannet Morus bassanus	LC	passage	2007	13,599-24,073 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C3
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	passage	2007	42,000-48,000 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2
Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis	LC	passage	2006	min 4,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C2
Great Skua Catharacta skua	LC	passage	2007	2,798-5,310 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C3

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2011) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2016) is shown below.

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Pollution	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	likely in short term (within 4 years)	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Little/none of site covered (<10%)	No management planning has taken place	Very little or no conservation action taking place	negligible

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
-	Estrecho	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	7
-	La breda y Marismas del Barbate	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	1
1989	La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Parque Natural	1
1997	La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
1999	Zona marítimo-terrestre del Monte Hacho	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1
1999	Punta de Trafalgar	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2000	Acantilados del Monte Hacho	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	<1
2002	La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	1
2003	Estrecho	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	7
2003	Estrecho	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	7
2003	Estrecho	Parque Natural	7
2007	Estrecho Oriental	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	4
2007	Fondos Marinos Estuario del Río Guadiaro	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2007	Fondos Marinos Marismas del Río Palmones	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
2015	Fondos Marinos Estuario del Río Guadiaro	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	<1
2015	Fondos Marinos Marismas del Río Palmones	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	<1

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Marine Neritic		major (>10)
Marine Oceanic		major (>10)

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Estrecho de Gibraltar (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/estrecho-de-gibraltar-iba-spain on 22/11/2024.