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The site was identified as important in 2003 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor	LC	breeding	2006	250-999 individuals	A1, A2, A3
Black-breasted Wood-quail Odontophorus leucolaemus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Buff-fronted Quail-Dove Zentrygon costaricensis	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Chiriquí Quail-Dove Zentrygon chiriquensis	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Dusky Nightjar Antrostomus saturatus	LC	unknown	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Fiery-throated Hummingbird Panterpe insignis	LC	unknown	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Purple-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaemus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Scintillant Hummingbird Selasphorus scintilla	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Glow-throated Hummingbird Selasphorus ardens	EN	breeding	2006	1,000-2,499 individuals	A1, A2, A3
White-tailed Emerald Microchera chionura	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Bare-shanked Screech-owl Megascops clarkii	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Collared Trogon Trogon collaris	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Prong-billed Barbet Semnornis frantzii	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Silvery-fronted Tapaculo Scytalopus argentifrons	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Streak-breasted Treehunter Thripadectes rufobrunneus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Bare-necked Umbrellabird Cephalopterus glabricollis	EN	breeding	2006	250-999 individuals	A1, A2, A3
Yellow-winged Vireo Vireo carmioli	LC	unknown	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Black-faced Solitaire Myadestes melanops	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Black-billed Nightingale-thrush Catharus gracilirostris	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Black-and-yellow Silky-flycatcher Phainoptila melanoxantha	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Sooty-capped Chlorospingus Chlorospingus pileatus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Sooty-faced Finch Arremon crassirostris	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Yellow-green Brushfinch Pselliophorus luteoviridis	VU	breeding	2006	2,500-9,999 individuals	A1, A2, A3
Collared Whitestart Myioborus torquatus	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Blue-and-gold Tanager Bangsia arcaei	NT	breeding	2006	1,000-2,499 individuals	A1, A2, A3
Spangle-cheeked Tanager Tangara dowii	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3
Slaty Flowerpiercer Diglossa plumbea	LC	resident	2006	unknown	A2, A3

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2003) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2003. The most recent assessment (2013) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Forest	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Climate change and severe weather	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Little/none of site covered (<10%)	No management planning has taken place	Some limited conservation initiatives are in place	negligible

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Artificial/Terrestrial		major (>10)
Forest		major (>10)

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
rangeland/pastureland	minor (<10)
agriculture	minor (<10)

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Cerro Santiago (Panama). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/cerro-santiago-iba-panama on 22/11/2024.