• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Map
• Reference and further resources

Site description (2001 baseline)
The reserve is situated on the north bank of the Gambia River almost opposite Kiang West National Park (GM007) and extends from the river to the country’s northern border with Senegal. Bao Bolon is a freshwater tributary of the Gambia River that originates 50 km north of the international border and is a permanent watercourse in an otherwise semi-arid region of Senegal. The shallow valley of the bolon is bordered with extensive tall swamps of Cyperus, Scirpus and Andropogon species and a few square kilometres of Phragmites karka. Further from the channel are seasonal fresh/brackish marshes which, during the rains, are a mosaic of shallow pools and low-growing Gramineae and Cyperaceae. To the west of the Bolon are extensive, sparsely vegetated saline mudflats, shallow lakes and inlets of the Gambia River. On raised ground are islands of scrub and open woodland. Further south, within the river’s tidal influence, are open Avicennia mangrove scrub interspersed with mudflats and, on slightly raised ground, meadows of Sesuvium portulacastrum saltmarsh. Within the daily tidal reach of the river is one of the most extensive and intact areas of tall Rhizophora mangrove forest in the country, cut by numerous inlets. Narrow mudflats border the inlets and the river. The reserve also includes a relatively undisturbed area of closed-canopy savanna woodland above a laterite escarpment.

Key biodiversity
See Box for key species. Most of the reserve is not well known ornithologically. The first complete survey, excluding the mangrove forest, was made in February 1998. The reserve is thought to hold more than 20,000 waterbirds regularly between August and December. It is certainly, measured by the number of waterbird species recorded, the most diverse inland wetland in the country. The open wetlands hold large numbers of herons, egrets, pelicans and Palearctic waders and, in addition to those species listed below, are suspected to be an important passage site for Himantopus himantopus, Charadrius hiaticula, Limosa limosa and Tringa nebularia. The site is of national importance for non-breeding congregations of Anhinga rufa, Pelecanus onocrotalus and P. rufescens. Known or suspected breeding species in the Rhizophora mangrove include Gorsachius leuconotus, Podica senegalensis, Scotopelia peli, Apalis flavida and Elminia longicauda. The bolon is a flyway for large waterbirds and raptors. The latter include Falco naumanni, several hundred of which passed through the reserve in a few hours in March 1994. In addition, two species of the Guinea–Congo Forests biome have been recorded; see Table 2.

Non-bird biodiversity: There are occasional records of Trichechus senegalensis (VU).

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Bao Bolon Wetland Reserve (Gambia). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/bao-bolon-wetland-reserve-iba-gambia on 27/12/2024.