Current view: Text account
Site description (2001 baseline):
Site location and context
The Augrabies Falls National Park is situated on the vast Bushmanland peneplain where it straddles the Orange river, c.380 km inland of Alexander Bay. Between Kakamas and the Augrabies Falls, a distance of c.35 km, the river flows through a wide, flat, cultivated valley. From the 146-m-high falls at the park headquarters it meanders down a deep, narrow gorge for several kilometres before reaching the level surface of the surrounding plains once again. The rest of the park is flat with low relief, scattered with large rounded domes. Drainage channels are sandy, gravelly and dry and are mostly very shallow, or occasionally deeper with rocky sides and broad beds. The area is classed as an arid to semi-arid cold desert.The park’s vegetation comprises mainly Orange river Nama-Karoo, typically with trees and shrubs of
Sarcostemma,
Acacia,
Rhus,
Salix,
Rhigozum,
Boscia and
Cadaba, and succulents (
Aloe,
Euphorbia) on the steep, rocky mountain-slopes. In the riverbeds, sandy deposits occasionally form islands that hold a tall open grassland. Upstream of the falls, the Orange river is a braided stream with much fine alluvial sand and silt forming complex islands, which hold gallery forest along the river arms, dominated by
Ziziphus,
Euclea,
Maytenus,
Rhus,
Acacia and
Tamarix, with
Lycium and
Diospyros in the shrub layer.
Phragmites grows in patches along the river. In the gorges downstream of the waterfall
Ficus grows sparsely on the rocks.
See Box and Table 3 for key species. A total of 195 species have been recorded in the park. Despite the low diversity, the park is important for many biome-restricted assemblage birds, as well as a host of other arid-zone species. The lowland plains are particularly good for large wide-ranging species such as
Polemaetus bellicosus,
Ardeotis kori,
Neotis ludwigii and
Eupodotis vigorsii. The plains also support
Certhilauda albescens,
Cercomela schlegelii,
C. tractrac,
C. sinuata and
Malcorus pectoralis.
Serinus alario occurs wherever there is seeding grass and water. The belts of riverine
Acacia woodland hold
Cercotrichas coryphaeus,
C. paena,
Phragmacia substriata,
Sylvia layardi,
Bradornis mariquensis,
Sporopipes squamifrons and
Agapornis roseicollis and provide food, shelter and breeding habitat for many other species. Large trees occasionally support the massive
Philetairus socius nests with the associated
Polihierax semitorquatus frequently in attendance. In very wet years nomadic
Eremopterix australis move in and breed in large numbers, and are then absent until the next heavy rains, which can be decades apart.
Onychognathus nabouroup,
Apus bradfieldi and the secretive and localized
Euryptila subcinnamomea occur in the river’s steep gorges and associated rocky kloofs.
Non-bird biodiversity: Among plants, the distinctive southern African endemic Aloe dichotoma is common within the park. The permanently flowing sections of the river support two important fish species, the Vaal-Orange river endemic Austroglanis sclateri (DD) and Barbus hospes (LR/nt), which is restricted to the Orange river below the Augrabies Falls. Among herptiles, this is the only protected area in the world supporting the endemic frog Phrynomerus annectens and the lizard Platysaurus broadleyi; the latter is restricted to the lower Orange river valley between Augrabies and Pella. The threatened mammal Diceros bicornis (CR) was reintroduced to the park in 1985.
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
The park, proclaimed in 1966, is controlled by the South African National Parks Board and is a strong tourist attraction, drawing c.70,000 visitors per year. A land claim against the park’s northern bank has been made, but all attempts are being made to continue with the management of this area as a contractual park. Threats to the system include overgrazing of the surrounding farmland, resulting in degradation of habitat outside the park, potentially reducing populations of wide-ranging species such as the bustards (Otididae) that depend on large foraging areas that fall mostly outside of the park’s borders. Poisons, including strychnine, are being used in neighbouring farming areas. The impacts that these are having on several threatened raptor species are unknown.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Augrabies Falls National Park (South Africa). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/augrabies-falls-national-park-iba-south-africa on 23/11/2024.
