Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Passer domesticus and P. italiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. domesticus following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 and supplements); Christidis and Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996); Turbott (1990).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 24 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 68,500,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 75,200,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 896000000-1310000000 | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) estimated the global population at > c.540,000,000 individuals. However, the European population is estimated at 134,000,000-196,000,000 pairs, which equates to 269,000,000-392,000,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms approximately 30% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 896,000,000-1,310,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. National population sizes have been estimated at c.100-100,000 breeding pairs in China and c.100-100,000 breeding pairs in Russia (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: In Europe, trends between 1980 and 2013 show that populations have undergone a moderate decline (EBCC 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Andorra | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Anguilla (to UK) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Argentina | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Australia | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahamas | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belize | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bolivia | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brazil | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Canada | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cape Verde | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Chile | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Colombia | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Comoros | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Costa Rica | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cuba | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ecuador | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Egypt | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| El Salvador | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eswatini | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gambia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Haiti | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Honduras | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iceland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jamaica | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lesotho | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Libya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Luxembourg | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malawi | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Maldives | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mauritius | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mexico | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Morocco | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nicaragua | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Panama | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Paraguay | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Peru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Réunion (to France) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Senegal | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Singapore | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uruguay | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vanuatu | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Venezuela | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | I | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | suitable | resident | |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Moist | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 4500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Medicine - human & veterinary | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Passer domesticus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 03/02/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 03/02/2023.
