• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
C2a(ii)	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2018	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2010	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2009	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	31 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	28 km2
Number of locations	2-5	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	136-182 mature individuals	good	estimated	2013
Population trend	decreasing	medium	inferred	-
Generation length	4.71 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated at 136-182 mature individuals (Rivera-Milán et al. 2015).
The population structure has not been assessed. While the species's two strongholds around Mt Hartman National Park and on the Perseverance and adjacent Woodford estates are separated by 9 km of highly converted habitat (Rusk 2017), there are occasional records of single individuals dispersing outside of these areas (Rivera-Milán et al. 2015, Rusk 2017). It is therefore tentatively assumed that the individuals in both areas are able to get in contact, forming just one subpopulation, though this requires confirmation.

Trend justification: The population was estimated at 98-124 mature individuals in 1998, climbing to 182 mature individuals by 2003-2004. Although these figures suggest that the population may have increased between 1998 and 2004, the latter estimate included c. 30 mature individuals discovered in 2003, and increases may reflect an improvement in sampling methods. However, the population declined after category IV hurricane Ivan caused severe damage in 2004, and the three years after the hurricane the population was still 25% below the numbers from 2004, with a maximum of 136 mature individuals (Rusk 2017). In 2013, the population was estimated at 136-182 mature individuals (Rivera-Milán et al. 2015).
While the population appears to have stabilised or even increased over the past three generations (14.1 years; Bird et al. 2020), it shows fluctuations in relation to hurricanes (Baptista et al. 2020). The intensity, and probably the frequency, of hurricanes in the Atlantic are projected to increase with climate change (see e.g., Knutson et al. 2010; Walsh et al. 2016). Therefore, it is inferred that the population is continuing to decline, as the population is deemed unable to recover between events of major reductions caused by hurricanes, in conjunction with other threats.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Grenada	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Grenada	Beausejour / Grenville Vale
Grenada	Mount Hartman
Grenada	Perseverance
Grenada	Woodford
Grenada	Woodlands of Grenada

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 150 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather	Droughts	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Rapid Declines		High Impact: 8
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Very Rapid Declines		High Impact: 9
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Didelphis marsupialis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Herpestes auropunctatus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Pollution	Air-borne pollutants - Type Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Very Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Grenada Dove Leptotila wellsi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/grenada-dove-leptotila-wellsi on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.