Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 268,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 246,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 1200000-2100000 mature individuals | poor | suspected | 2021 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 4.83 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The Partners in Flight Science Committee (2020a) estimate the global population to be approximately 2,300,000 individuals, which equates to 1,540,000 mature individuals. The European population is estimated at 84,900-142,000 pairs, which equates to 169,800-284,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.). Europe forms approximately 14% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 1,210,000-2,030,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. It is placed in the band 1,200,000-2,100,000
Trend justification: Population trends for this species are difficult to assess due to its nomadic nature and annual fluctuations, which make fixed-area surveys such as the Breeding Bird Survey unreliable. However, using data from the Christmas Bird Count, the Partners in Flight Science Committee (2020b) estimated that there had been a 68.1% decline in North America during 1970-2017, equating to a 29.7% decline over 3 generations (14.49 years [Bird et al. 2020]). In Europe, the population trend is estimated to be fluctuating but stable in the long term (BirdLife International in prep.). The global population trend is therefore suspected to be declining at a rate of <20% over 3 generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Belgium | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Belize | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bhutan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bolivia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cameroon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Cape Verde | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chad | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| French Guiana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guinea | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Guyana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iceland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ireland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Laos | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Liberia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Libya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malaysia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Maldives | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malta | extant | native | yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nepal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Niger | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | |||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Paraguay | extant | native | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | |||
| Philippines | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Qatar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Senegal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Singapore | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sri Lanka | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Suriname | extant | native | yes | |||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uganda | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 4300 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Tourism & recreation areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/short-eared-owl-asio-flammeus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.