• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Range map
• Resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	A2cd+4cd
2016	Near Threatened	A3c
2012	Near Threatened	A3c
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	20,500,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50000-499999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2016
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2001-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	8.62 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is suspected to number 50,000-499,999 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2020).

Trend justification: A continuing decline is inferred from reports of local extinctions, including in northern Peru, western Ecuador and western Mexico; the main drivers of the decline are habitat loss and hunting (Iliff 2020). The rate of decline has not been assessed directly. Since 2001, tree cover within the range has been lost at a rate equivalent to 14% over three generations (25.9 years; Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Even though the species can locally be found in open woodland or secondary growth, it is strictly dependent on vast tracts of pristine forests (Iliff 2020); therefore, forest loss may be aggravated by disturbance and fragmentation. It is precautionarily suspected that the total rate of habitat loss exceeds the rate of tree cover loss by half, amounting to 21% over three generations. The impact of hunting on the population size has not been quantified, but it is here suspected that forest loss and hunting cause a decline in the band 20-29% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	extant	native	yes
Belize	extant	native	yes
Bolivia	extant	native	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Costa Rica	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
El Salvador	extant	native	yes
French Guiana	extant	native	yes
Guatemala	extant	native	yes
Guyana	extant	native	yes
Honduras	extant	native	yes
Mexico	extant	native	yes
Nicaragua	extant	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes
Paraguay	extant	native	yes
Peru	extant	native	yes
Suriname	extant	native	yes
Trinidad and Tobago	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Bosque de San Antonio/Km 18
Mexico	Sierra de Manantlán

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	marginal	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	major	resident
Savanna	Moist	marginal	resident
Altitude	0 - 1800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 3000 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2025) Species factsheet: Ornate Hawk-eagle Spizaetus ornatus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/ornate-hawk-eagle-spizaetus-ornatus on 23/01/2025.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2025) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/01/2025.