• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A3cd+4cd
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	19,000,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1200-6700 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2009
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2016-2046
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-15%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-25%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-25%	-	-	-
Generation length	9.93 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Ferguson-Lees and Christie (2001) estimated the population to be 1,001-10,000 individuals, but thought that it was most likely nearer the latter figure. This is roughly equivalent to 670-6,700 mature individuals. The Japanese population is estimated to be c. 1,800 individuals (Asai et al. 2006), equivalent to c.1,200 mature individuals. In the absence of data from other parts of its range, the global population is placed in the band 1,200-6,700 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is likely to be declining owing to deforestation (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). During 2001-2020, 7.5% of forest cover was lost across this species’s range (Global Forest Watch 2021), equating to a loss of 11.5% over three generations (29.79 years [Bird et al. 2020]). During 2016-2020, 2.8% of forest cover was lost (Global Forest Watch 2021), equivalent to 19.7% when projected forward over three generations. This species is highly forest dependent (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001), therefore it is suspected to be declining at a similar rate to forest loss, although it may be tolerant of a certain level of disturbance and habitat fragmentation (Inskipp et al. 2016). In some parts of its range the species is under additional threats, such as hunting for its feathers (Taiban et al. 2019), electrocution and persecution due to poultry theft (T. R. Subedi, S. Gurung, H. S. Baral, S. Thomsett, R. Buij and M. Virani in litt. 2021), therefore the rate of decline may be greater in these areas.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Bhutan	extant	native	yes
Cambodia	extant	native	yes
China (mainland)	extant	native	yes
Hong Kong (China)	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native	yes
Japan	extant	native	yes
Laos	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	vagrant
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Nepal	extant	native	yes
Pakistan	extant	native	yes
Russia	extant	native	yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	vagrant
Sri Lanka	extant	native	yes
Taiwan, China	extant	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes
Vietnam	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Altitude	600 - 4000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 200 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Transportation & service corridors	Utility & service lines	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mountain Hawk-eagle Nisaetus nipalensis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mountain-hawk-eagle-nisaetus-nipalensis on 21/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 21/12/2024.