Eurasian Wryneck (Jynx torquilla) - BirdLife species factsheet

Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	36 g

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	38,400,000 km²	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	56,200,000 km²	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	3000000-7199999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	3.5 years	-	-	-

Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 674,000-1,600,000 pairs, which equates to 1,350,000-3,200,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms approximately 45% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 3,000,000-7,100,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. The population is therefore placed in the band 3,000,000-7,199,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population has suffered a long term reduction in numbers and range since the mid 19th century in west and central Europe owing to increased rain during the breeding season caused by climatic changes, agricultural improvement, loss of orchards and unimproved meadows, replacement of hardwoods with conifer plantations and widespread over-use of pesticides and herbicides (del Hoyo et al. 2002). In Europe, trends between 1980 and 2013 show that populations have undergone a moderate decline (EBCC 2015). In the short-term (2000-2012) the European population is estimated to have increased (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native		yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	native
Andorra	extant	native		yes
Austria	extant	native		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native		yes
Bahrain	extant	native			yes	yes
Bangladesh	extant	native
Belarus	extant	native		yes
Belgium	extant	native		yes
Bhutan	extant	vagrant
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native		yes
Bulgaria	extant	native		yes		yes
Burkina Faso	extant	native
Cameroon	extant	native
Central African Republic	extant	vagrant
Chad	extant	native
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	extant	vagrant
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	native
Croatia	extant	native		yes
Cyprus	extant	native			yes
Czechia	extant	native		yes
Denmark	extant	native		yes		yes
Djibouti	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
Eritrea	extant	native
Estonia	extant	native		yes
Ethiopia	extant	native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	native		yes
France	extant	native	yes
Gambia	extant	native
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native		yes		yes
Ghana	extant	native
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	native			yes
Greece	extant	native		yes		yes
Guinea	extant	vagrant
Guinea-Bissau	extant	native
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native
Hungary	extant	native		yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native		yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native			yes	yes
Iraq	extant	native			yes	yes
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Israel	extant	native
Italy	extant	native		yes
Japan	extant	native		yes
Jordan	extant	native				yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kenya	extant	native
Kuwait	extant	native				yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native				yes
Laos	extant	native
Latvia	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	native				yes
Liberia	extant	native
Libya	extant	native
Liechtenstein	extant	native		yes
Lithuania	extant	native		yes
Luxembourg	extant	native		yes
Mali	extant	vagrant
Malta	extant	native			yes
Mauritania	extant	native
Moldova	extant	native		yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	native
Myanmar	extant	native
Nepal	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	native		yes
Niger	extant	vagrant
Nigeria	extant	native
North Korea	extant	native
North Macedonia	extant	native		yes
Norway	extant	native		yes
Oman	extant	native			yes	yes
Pakistan	extant	native		yes
Palestine	extant	native				yes
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Romania	extant	native		yes
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Saudi Arabia	extant	native				yes
Senegal	extant	native
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Sierra Leone	extant	native
Slovakia	extant	native		yes
Slovenia	extant	native		yes
Somalia	extant	vagrant
South Korea	extant	native
South Sudan	extant	native			yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Sri Lanka	extant	vagrant			yes
Sudan	extant	native
Sweden	extant	native		yes
Switzerland	extant	native		yes
Syria	extant	native				yes
Taiwan, China	extant	vagrant
Tajikistan	extant	native
Thailand	extant	native
Togo	extant	vagrant			yes
Tunisia	extant	native
Türkiye	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native
Uganda	extant	native
Ukraine	extant	native		yes		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native			yes	yes
United Kingdom	extant	native		yes
USA	extant	vagrant
Uzbekistan	extant	native
Vietnam	extant	native
Western Sahara	extant	native
Yemen	extant	native			yes	yes
Zambia	extant	native

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Bulgaria	Byala Reka
Bulgaria	Sredna Gora
Bulgaria	Strandzha
Bulgaria	Western Balkan
Czechia	Beskydy mountains
Czechia	Confluence of the Morava (March) and Dyje (Thaya) rivers - Tvrdonicko
Czechia	Doupov hills
Czechia	Krivoklatsko (Krivoklatsko region)
Czechia	Lednicke rybniky ponds (Lednice fish-ponds)
Czechia	Pálava
France	Vallée du Régino
Russia (European)	Bryansko-Zhizdrinskoye woodland
Russia (European)	Racheyski forest
Russia (European)	Zhigulevski Nature Reserve
Slovenia	Kočevsko
Slovenia	Kozjansko
Slovenia	River Mura
Slovenia	Vipavski rob
Switzerland	Bregaglia valley
Switzerland	Central Valais between Sierre and Visp
Switzerland	Generoso mountain
Switzerland	Heinzenberg mountain and surrounding valleys
Switzerland	Jura mountains of Baselland - Solothurn
Switzerland	Lower Engadine and Swiss National Park
Switzerland	Maggia valley
Switzerland	Mont Tendre
Switzerland	Simplon region
Switzerland	Valley of Zermatt
Ukraine	Gomol'shans'ka forest
Ukraine	Samars'kyj forest

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Boreal	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	major	breeding
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Freshwater Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Savanna	Dry	major	non-breeding
Shrubland	Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation	suitable	breeding
Shrubland	Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	non-breeding
Altitude	0 - 3300 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Utilisation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Medicine - human & veterinary	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eurasian-wryneck-jynx-torquilla on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.