• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2013	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	52,600,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	49,300,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	900000-1500000 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2020
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	4.8 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The European population is estimated at 140,000-219,000 pairs, which equates to 280,000-437,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.). Europe forms approximately 30% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 933,000-1,457,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. The population is therefore placed in the band 900,000-1,500,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is declining locally owing to habitat loss (del Hoyo et al. 1994). For example, in North Africa a continuing population decline is inferred due to the observed degradation of open wooded habitats and observations from recent road census in Morocco (Garrido et al. in prep.). In Europe the population size is estimated to be stable (BirdLife International in prep.).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native		yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	native
Andorra	extant	native		yes
Angola	extant	native
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Austria	extant	native		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native		yes
Bahrain	extant	native				yes
Bangladesh	extant	native
Belarus	extant	native		yes
Belgium	extant	native		yes
Benin	extant	native
Bhutan	extant	native
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native		yes
Botswana	extant	native
Bulgaria	extant	native		yes		yes
Burkina Faso	extant	native
Burundi	extant	native
Cameroon	extant	vagrant
Canada	extant	vagrant
Chad	extant	vagrant
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	extant	native
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	native
Croatia	extant	native		yes
Cyprus	extant	native		yes		yes
Czechia	extant	native		yes
Denmark	extant	native		yes		yes
Djibouti	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
Eritrea	extant	native
Estonia	extant	native	yes
Eswatini	extant	native
Ethiopia	extant	native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	native		yes		yes
France	extant	native		yes		yes
Gabon	extant	native
Gambia	extant	native
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native		yes		yes
Ghana	extant	vagrant
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	native
Greece	extant	native		yes		yes
Guam (to USA)	extant	uncertain
Guinea	extant	vagrant
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native
Hungary	extant	native		yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native		yes
Indonesia	extant	vagrant
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native		yes		yes
Iraq	extant	native				yes
Ireland	extant	native
Israel	extant	native		yes
Italy	extant	native		yes		yes
Japan	extant	native		yes
Jordan	extant	native		yes		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kenya	extant	native
Kuwait	extant	native				yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Laos	extant	native
Latvia	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	native		yes		yes
Lesotho	extant	vagrant
Liberia	extant	native
Libya	extant	native
Liechtenstein	extant	native		yes
Lithuania	extant	native		yes
Luxembourg	extant	native		yes
Malawi	extant	native
Malaysia	extant	vagrant
Maldives	extant	native
Mali	extant	native
Malta	extant	native				yes
Mauritania	extant	native
Moldova	extant	native		yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	native
Mozambique	extant	native
Myanmar	extant	native		yes
Namibia	extant	native
Nepal	extant	native		yes
Netherlands	extant	native		yes
Nigeria	extant	native
North Korea	extant	native		yes
North Macedonia	extant	native		yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	uncertain
Norway	extant	native		yes
Oman	extant	native				yes
Pakistan	extant	native		yes
Palestine	extant	native				yes
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native		yes
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Romania	extant	native		yes		yes
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Rwanda	extant	native
Saudi Arabia	extant	native				yes
Senegal	extant	vagrant
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Seychelles	extant	native
Singapore	extant	vagrant			yes
Slovakia	extant	native		yes
Slovenia	extant	native		yes		yes
Somalia	extant	native
South Africa	extant	native
South Korea	extant	native
South Sudan	extant	native				yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Sudan	extant	native
Sweden	extant	native		yes
Switzerland	extant	native		yes
Syria	extant	native		yes		yes
Taiwan, China	extant	vagrant
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Tanzania	extant	native
Thailand	extant	native
Timor-Leste	extant	vagrant
Togo	extant	native
Tunisia	extant	native
Türkiye	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
Uganda	extant	native
Ukraine	extant	native		yes		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native				yes
United Kingdom	extant	native		yes
USA	extant	vagrant
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Vietnam	extant	native		yes
Yemen	extant	native				yes
Zambia	extant	native
Zimbabwe	extant	native

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	resident
Forest	Boreal	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Savanna	Dry	major	non-breeding
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks	suitable	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 4000 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Human intrusions & disturbance	Work & other activities	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Accipiter gentilis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eurasian-hobby-falco-subbuteo on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.