Data Zone
Taxonomic note
The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group is aware that phylogenetic analyses have been published which have proposed generic rearrangements which may affect this species, but prefers to wait until work by other taxonomists reveals how these changes affect the entire groups involved.
Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | 106 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 61,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 74,100,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | - | - | - |
| Population trend | unknown | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 11 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, though national population estimates include c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in China, c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in Japan (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the extent of threats to the species (del Hoyo et al. 1996).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | extant | vagrant | ||||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | native | ||||
| Cambodia | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | ||||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Comoros | extant | native | ||||
| Cook Islands | extant | native | ||||
| Fiji | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | ||||
| Indonesia | extant | native | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | ||||
| Kenya | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Kiribati | extant | native | yes | |||
| Madagascar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malaysia | extant | native | ||||
| Maldives | extant | native | ||||
| Marshall Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mayotte (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mozambique | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Myanmar | extant | native | ||||
| Nauru | extant | uncertain | ||||
| New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | extant | native | ||||
| Philippines | extant | native | ||||
| Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | native | yes | |||
| Singapore | extant | native | ||||
| Solomon Islands | extant | native | ||||
| Somalia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Sri Lanka | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Thailand | extant | native | ||||
| Timor-Leste | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Tonga | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tuvalu | extant | native | yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Vanuatu | extant | native | ||||
| Vietnam | extant | native | ||||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| China (mainland) | Beiji Islands |
| China (mainland) | Dongtou Islands |
| China (mainland) | Jiushan Islands Nature Reserve |
| China (mainland) | Nanji Islands Nature Reserve |
| China (mainland) | Taizhou Islands |
| China (mainland) | Wuchishan Dao Nature Reserve |
| China (mainland) | Yushan Islands |
| China (mainland) | Zhongjieshan Islands |
| Japan | Okinawa coastal islets |
| Japan | Okinawa coastal islets - Marine |
| Japan | Yaeyama islands |
| Japan | Yaeyama islands - Marine |
| Malaysia | Talang-Satang National Park |
| Seychelles | African Banks |
| Seychelles | Aldabra Special Reserve |
| Seychelles | Cosmoledo |
| Seychelles | Farquhar - South Island and islets |
| Taiwan, China | Matsu (Mazu) Islands Tern Refuge |
| Taiwan, China | Northeastern Sea Islets |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | marginal | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-naped-tern-sterna-sumatrana on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.