Data Zone
Anker-Nilssen, T.; Barrett, R.T.; Bustnes, J.O.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.; Erikstad, K.E.; Fauchald, P.; Lorentsen, S.-H.; Steen, H.; Strøm, H.; Systad, G.H.; Tveraa, T. 2008. SEAPOP studies in the Barents and Norwegian Seas in 2007. In: NINA Rapport 363 (ed.).
Berglund, P.A.; Hentati-Sundberg, J. 2014. Arctic Seabirds Breeding in the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) Area: Status and Trends 2014. AEWA Conservation Status Report (CSR6) Background Report.
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
BirdLife International. 2015. Gran Sol may have 'plenty of fish in the sea', but its seabirds are declining. Available at: http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/news/gran-sol-may-have-plenty-fish-sea-its-seabirds-are-declining.
Brazil, M. 2009. Birds of East Asia: eastern China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, eastern Russia. Christopher Helm, London.
Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M.; Kirwan, G.M.; Christie, D.A.; Garcia, E.F.J. 2016. Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). In: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Coulson, J. 2011. The Kittiwake. Bloomsbury Publishing.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Delany, S.; Scott, D. 2006. Waterbird population estimates. Wetlands International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Descamps, S.; Anker-Nilssen, T.; Barrett, R.T.; Irons, D.B.; Merkel, F.; Robertson, G.J.; Yoccoz, N.G.; Mallory, M.L.; Montevecchi, W.A.; Boertmann, D.; Artukhin, Y.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.; Erikstad, K.-E.; Gilchrist, H.G.; Labansen, A.L.; Lorentsen, S.-H.; Mosbech, A.; Olsen, B.; Petersen, A.; Rail, J.-F.; Renner, H.M.; Strøm, H.; Systad, G.H.; Wilhem, S.I.; Zelenskaya, L. 2017. Circumpolar dynamics of a marine top-predator track ocean warming rates. Global Change Biology 23(9): 3770–3780.
Dunn, E.K.; Steel, C. 2001. The impact of long-line fishing on seabirds in the North east Atlantic: recommendations for reducing mortality. RSPB/JNCC, Sandy, England.
Flint, V.E.; Boehme, R.L.; Kostin, Y.V.; Kuznetsov, A.A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Frederiksen, M.; Wanless, S.; Harris, M. P.; Rothery, P.; Wilson, L. J. 2004. The role of industrial fisheries and oceanographic change in the decline of North Sea black-legged kittiwakes. Journal of Applied Ecology 41: 1129-1139.
Fredriksen, M.; Harris, M. P.; Daunt, F.; Rothery, P.; Wanless, S. 2004. Scale-dependent climate signals drive breeding phenology of three seabird species. Global Change Biology 10: 1214-1221.
Garðarsson, A. 2006. Nýlegar breytingar á fjölda íslenskra bjargfugla. Bliki 27: 13-22.
Gaston, A. J.; Gilchrist, H. G.; Mallory, M. L. 2005. Variation in ice conditions has strong effects on the breeding of marine birds at Prince Leopold Island, Nunavut. Ecography 28: 331-344.
Gaston, A.J.; Mallory, M.L.; Gilchrist, H.G. 2012. Populations and trends of Canadian Arctic seabirds. Polar Biology 35(8): 1221-1232.
Hatch, S.A. 2013. Kittiwake diets and chick production signal a 2008 regime shift in the Northeast Pacific. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 477: 271-284.
IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 15 November 2018).
IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2019).
Løkkeborg, S. 1990. Sjøfugl i fiskeredskap - et problem både for fugl og folk. Vår Fuglefauna 13: 200-204.
Mallory, M.L.; Akearok, J.A.; Gaston, A.J. 2009. Status of High Arctic Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) colonies in Barrow Strait, Nunavut, Canada. Arctic 62: 96-101.
Melville, D.S.; Shortridge, K.F. 2006. Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak. In: Boere, G.; Galbraith, C.; Stroud, D (ed.), Waterbirds around the World, pp. 432-438. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
Nikolaeva, N.G.; Spiridonov, V.A.; Krasnov, Y.V. 2006. Existing and proposed marine protected areas and their relevance for seabird conservation: a case study in the Barents Sea region. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 743-749. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK.
North American Bird Conservation Initiative. 2016. The State of North America's Birds. Species Assessment Summary and Watch List. http://www.stateofthebirds.org/2016/resources/species-assessments/.
Olsen, K. M.; Larsson, H. 2003. Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Christopher Helm, London.
OSPAR. 2010. Background Document for Black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla tridactyla. Available at: http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/Species/P00414_Black_legged_kittiwake.pdf.
Paredes, R.; Orben, R.A.; Suryan, R.M.; Irons, D.B.; Roby, D.D.; Harding, A.M.; Young, R.C.; Benoit-Bird, K.; Ladd, C.; Renner, H.; Heppell, S. 2014. Foraging responses of Black-legged Kittiwakes to prolonged food-shortages around colonies on the Bering Sea Shelf. PloS one 9(3): e92520.
Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Wetlands International. 2012. Waterbird Population Estimates: Fifth Edition. Summary Report. Edited by Taej Mundkur and Szabolcs Nagy. Wetlands International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Wetlands International. 2016. Waterbird Population Estimates. Available at: https://wpe.wetlands.org.
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-legged-kittiwake-rissa-tridactyla on 21/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 21/12/2024.