Current view: Text account
Site description (2015 baseline):
Site location and context
The site is situated in the south west area and extends from west to east covering the southern pastures and Man & Horse region. This site mostly consists of two vegetation types, up to 500 m altitude covers pasture and non-indigenous woodland dominated by Pennisetum, Cynodon and Digitaria, with Acacia and Pinus, and above 500 m lies 'moist' and 'semi-moist' grassland, woodland (dominants include Agrostis, Pennisetum and Stenotaphrum, with Podocarpus, Acacia and Pinus), and flax Phormium tenax plantations. The site comprises important Charadrius sanctaehelenae breeding sites at Blue Hill Head o Wain, Broad Bottom, Horse Pasture, and Man & Horse, Southern Pastures (George, 2015; Prater, 2012).
See table for key species. There are 11 breeding landbird species, these being Alectoris chukar, Phasianus colchicus, Gallinula chloropus, Charadrius sanctahelenae, Columba livia, Geopelia striata, Acridotheres tristis, Foudia madagascariensis, Lonchura oryzivora, Estrilda astrild and Serinus falviventris (Prater, 2012). Nine of these species have been introduced, with the exceptions being G. chloropus and the last remaining endemic species of St Helena C. sanctahelenae. This site supports c.27% of the adult population of C. sanctaehelenae with a census average of 97 adults from 1998 to 2014 (George & Beard, 2014).
Non-bird biodiversity: The areas of higher elevation support much of the remaining endemic vegetation (of which there are a total of 44 species for St Helena) including Commidendrum robustum, Dicksonia arborescens, Pladaroxylon leucadendron, Lachanodes arborea and Melanodendrum integrifolium, Trochetiopsis ebenus and T. throxylon (Prater, 2012). The endemic invertebrates are also of particular importance, for which there are over 400 species across St Helena (Churchyard et al., unpub.), and the high ridge represents an important invertebrate area.
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
Introduced predators pose the most immediate threat to the C. sanctaehelenae population, primarily feral cat and rat predation (George, 2015). A feral cat control program was initiated by RSPB in July 2011 and implemented in partnership with the Saint Helena National Trust through to March 2014 (George, 2015). The feral cat control program was sustained by the SHNT from September 2014 to mid-December 2014 and the aim is for this to be continuous. Rats are locally controlled in areas where the rodent population is particularly high around important C. sanctaehelenae areas. Introduced Acridotheres tristis also occasionally predate on eggs and chicks however currently this is not a major threat. Development has also had an impact through removing suitable C. sanctaehelenae habitat, such as the new airport development due to open in 2015 which has taken a large area of C. sanctaehelenae habitat. Mitigation for this has included clearing sites of Ulex europaeus, Opuntia elatior, Optuntia ficus-indica and other shrubs to provide new suitable habitat for the C. sanctaehelenae population. A Hotel development has been proposed on Woodlands and Broad Bottom, which is another Important Wirebird Site (George, 2015).
Many thanks to Kevin George from the Saint Helena National Trust and Annalea Beard from the Environmental Management Division for preparing the nomination and for providing data. Also to Eddie Duff and Dennis Leo from the Saint Helena National Trust and to Leeann Henry and Elizabeth Clingham for their help with data collection.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Gumwood Hill (St Helena (to UK)). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gumwood-hill-iba-st-helena-(to-uk) on 23/11/2024.
