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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2005 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List	Season (year/s of estimate)	Size	IBA criteria
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Yellow-footed Green-pigeon Treron phoenicopterus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Sarus Crane Grus antigone	VU	resident (2002)	common	A1, A4i
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus	NT	resident (1990–1999)	11 individuals	A1, A4i
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala	LC	non-breeding (2002)	rare	A1
Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus	LC	non-breeding (2002)	rare	A1
Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus	CR	resident (2004)	present	A3
White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis	CR	resident (2002)	uncommon	A1, A3
Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris	CR	resident (2002)	uncommon	A1, A3
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	NT	passage (2002)	rare	A1
Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata	VU	resident (2004)	rare	A1
Pallas's Fish-eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus	EN	passage (2002)	present	A1
White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Lineated Barbet Psilopogon lineatus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Yellow-crowned Woodpecker Leiopicus mahrattensis	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Plum-headed Parakeet Himalayapsitta cyanocephala	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark Eremopterix griseus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Bengal Bushlark Mirafra assamica	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Sand Lark Alaudala raytal	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Bristled Grassbird Schoenicola striatus	VU	breeding (2002)	rare	A1
Large Grey Babbler Argya malcolmi	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Jungle Babbler Argya striata	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus	LC	resident (2002)	present	A3
White-throated Bushchat Saxicola insignis	VU	passage (2002)	rare	A1
Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola	CR	winter (2004)	present	A1

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2005. The most recent assessment (2011) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Actual vs Reference (units)	% remaining	Result
Sarus Crane Grus antigone	503 / 603 (individuals)	84	near favourable

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Artificial/Terrestrial	poor (40-69%)	moderate (70-90%)	very unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Residential and commercial development	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Little/none of site covered (<10%)	No management planning has taken place	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	low

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Artificial/Terrestrial	68	Arable land; Abandoned farmland, disturbed ground; Forestry and agro-industrial plantations; Perennial crops, orchards and groves; Small settlements, rural gardens
Forest	22	Thorn forest (tropical)
Grassland	minor (<10)	Secondary grassland
Shrubland	minor (<10)	Secondary scrub
Wetlands (inland)	minor (<10)	Ephemeral wetlands; Freshwater lakes and pools; Riverine floodplains; Rivers and streams

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	68
forestry	20

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2025) Important Bird Area factsheet: Farmlands in Lumbini area (Nepal). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/farmlands-in-lumbini-area-iba-nepal on 03/01/2025.