• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Ramphastos ambiguus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into R. ambiguus and R. swainsonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2014	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	3,590,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	Decreasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	25-29	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	11.5	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as 'fairly common' (Stotz et al. 1996).

Trend justification: This species is suspected to lose 40.6-40.7% of suitable habitat within its range in the Amazon basin over three generations (35 years) from 2002, based on a model of Amazonian deforestation (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011). Populations in Central America are suspected to be undergoing a slow to moderate decline, thus overall it is suspected that the species will experience a moderately rapid decline of 25-29% over three generations from 2002.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Colombia	N	Extant	Yes
Costa Rica	N	Extant	Yes
Ecuador	N	Extant	Yes
Honduras	N	Extant	Yes
Nicaragua	N	Extant	Yes
Panama	N	Extant	Yes
Peru	N	Extant	Yes
Venezuela	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	La Planada Natural Reserve
Colombia	La Victoria (Caldas)
Colombia	Enclave Seco del Río Dagua
Colombia	Paramillo Natural National Park
Colombia	Parque Nacional Natural Cueva de los Guácharos
Colombia	Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas
Colombia	Región del Alto Calima
Colombia	Sumapaz Natural National Park

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	resident
Altitude	400 - 2670 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-	-		Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-	-	International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Ramphastos ambiguus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/03/2023.