Taxonomic note
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | A2ac+3c+4c; C2a(i) |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2016 | Vulnerable | A2ac+3c+4c; C2a(i) |
2013 | Vulnerable | A2ac+3c+4c;C2a(i) |
2012 | Vulnerable | A2ac+3c+4c;C2a(i) |
2008 | Vulnerable | A2c; ; A4c; C1; C2a(i) |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1988 | Near Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 359,000 | medium |
Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | 2500-9999 | poor | estimated | 2000 |
Population trend | Decreasing | poor | estimated | - |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 30-49 | - | - | - |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 30-49 | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - |
Population justification: Although this species has a large EOO (210,000 km2), it is very patchily distributed, in being restricted to hills and hill ranges. Surveys of 18 sites showed it to be common in intact suitable habitat, but this was 'very limited'. Analysis of the detailed account in BirdLife International (2001) suggests that the total population may well be below 10,000 individuals, so it is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 individuals here. This equates to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: Recent surveys of 18 sites found that the species had disappeared from six historical locations. Habitat loss is occurring throughout its fragmented range, suggesting that rapid population declines are likely to be on-going, although habitat in south India is largely intact and in some areas vegetation on hills is recovering (S. Subramanya in litt. 2016). It is thought to have been significantly more abundant in the past, particularly in the Western Ghats (Subramanya et al. 2006).
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
India | N | Extant | Yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
India | Horsley Hills |
India | Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park |
India | Adichunchunagiri Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Bandipur National Park |
India | Bannerghatta National Park |
India | Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary and Hills |
India | Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Hampi and Daroji Bear Sanctuary |
India | Jogimatti Reserve Forest |
India | Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Nandi Hills |
India | Ramanagara Reserve Forest |
India | Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Rajiv Ghandi Wildlife Sanctuary (Nagarjunasagar - Srisailam Tiger Reserve) |
India | Mudumalai National Park |
India | Arabhithittu Wildlife Sanctuary |
India | Papikonda National Park |
India | Noorukuppalakonda Reserve Forest |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | resident |
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | major | resident | |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Moist | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 300 - 1800 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Unknown | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Pycnonotus xantholaemus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.