• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
A2cd+3cd+4cd	A2cd+3cd+4cd	A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2017	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2015	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2013	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2012	Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2010	Critically Endangered	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d
2009	Critically Endangered	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	1,360,000	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	1000-2499	medium	estimated	2016
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	80-100	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	80-100	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Largest subpopulations	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	13	-	-	-

Population justification: Based on recent surveys within various parts of the species's range, C. Trainor in litt. (2016) has estimated the global population at fewer than 3,000 individuals: Sumba perhaps as few as 563 on Sumba in 2012 (Burung Indonesia in prep), 500 on Komodo, 200-300 on Timor Leste, 200-300 on Sulawesi, 20-50 on West Timor (with a potential sighting of 60 individuals in 2013), 40-70 on Flores, 50-100 on Sumbawa, 100 on Rinca and c.700 other birds in total. This total is roughly equivalent to 2,000 mature individuals, and so the global population size is best placed in the range 1,000-2,499 mature individuals.

Trend justification: This species has declined extremely rapidly owing to international trade in the species and widespread deforestation within its range. Declines have been documented in recent years, even where trade is not so obvious, such as on Komodo where an estimated decline of 60% occurred between 2000 and 2005.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Indonesia	N	Extant		Yes
Singapore	I	Extant	Yes
Timor-Leste	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Bogani Nani Wartabone
Indonesia	Buat - Soe
Indonesia	Buton Utara
Indonesia	Camplong
Indonesia	Danau Tempe
Indonesia	Gunung Lewotobi
Indonesia	Gunung Muna
Indonesia	Gunung Rinjani
Indonesia	Gunung Tambora
Indonesia	Gunung Timau
Indonesia	Komodo - Rinca
Indonesia	Laiwanggi Wanggameti
Indonesia	Lore Lindu
Indonesia	Luku Melolo
Indonesia	Manupeu Tanadaru
Indonesia	Mbeliling - Tanjung Kerita Mese
Indonesia	Morowali
Indonesia	Nangarawa
Indonesia	Nusa Penida
Indonesia	Pasoso
Indonesia	Pegunungan Tokalekaju
Indonesia	Popayato - Paguat
Indonesia	Poronumbu
Indonesia	Pulau Kalatoa
Indonesia	Pulau Moyo
Indonesia	Pulau Tana Jampea
Indonesia	Rawa Aopa Watumohai
Indonesia	Semau
Indonesia	Tanjung Ngunju
Indonesia	Tatar Sepang
Indonesia	Todo Repok
Indonesia	Tuti Adagae
Indonesia	Wakatobi
Indonesia	Wolo Tado
Indonesia	Yawila
Timor-Leste	Fatumasin
Timor-Leste	Irabere - Iliomar
Timor-Leste	Monte Diatuto
Timor-Leste	Monte Mak Fahik - Sarim
Timor-Leste	Sungai Klere
Timor-Leste	Tilomar

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Very Rapid Declines		High Impact: 8
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Droughts	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Competition, Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Varanus komodoensis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Cacatua sulphurea. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22/07/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22/07/2019.