Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| A2cd+3cd+4cd | A2cd+3cd+4cd | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i) |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2017 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2016 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2015 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2013 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2012 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2010 | Critically Endangered | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2009 | Critically Endangered | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2008 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2004 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2000 | Critically Endangered | |
| 1996 | Endangered | |
| 1994 | Endangered | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 1,360,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 1000-2499 | medium | estimated | 2016 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | inferred | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 80-100 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 80-100 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Largest subpopulations | 1-89 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (yrs) | 13 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Based on recent surveys within various parts of the species's range, C. Trainor in litt. (2016) has estimated the global population at fewer than 3,000 individuals: Sumba perhaps as few as 563 on Sumba in 2012 (Burung Indonesia in prep), 500 on Komodo, 200-300 on Timor Leste, 200-300 on Sulawesi, 20-50 on West Timor (with a potential sighting of 60 individuals in 2013), 40-70 on Flores, 50-100 on Sumbawa, 100 on Rinca and c.700 other birds in total. This total is roughly equivalent to 2,000 mature individuals, and so the global population size is best placed in the range 1,000-2,499 mature individuals.
Trend justification: This species has declined extremely rapidly owing to international trade in the species and widespread deforestation within its range. Declines have been documented in recent years, even where trade is not so obvious, such as on Komodo where an estimated decline of 60% occurred between 2000 and 2005.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Singapore | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Moist | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Very Rapid Declines | High Impact: 8 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Varanus komodoensis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Cacatua sulphurea. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/10/2019.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/10/2019.
