• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
The subspecies neilgherriensis has been moved from Z. aurea into Z. dauma, following song analysis that showed it to belong with the latter species (Weir 2018).

Previously, Zoothera dauma (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) and Z. imbricata (Collar [2004]) were lumped together into Z. dauma and subsequently split into Z. dauma, Z. major and Z. aurea following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2019. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 4. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land mass type		Average mass	104 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	42,900,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	16,700,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	decreasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified. The species is variously described as uncommon to fairly common across much of its range (Clement and Hathway 2000). In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 25,000-100,000 breeding pairs, equating to 75,000-300,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004), but Europe forms <5% of the global range.

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and degradation, although it is increasing in Europe (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Austria	extant	vagrant
Bangladesh	extant	native
Belgium	extant	vagrant
Bhutan	extant	native
Cambodia	extant	native			yes
China (mainland)	extant	native			yes
Denmark	extant	vagrant
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	vagrant
France	extant	vagrant
Germany	extant	vagrant
Iceland	extant	vagrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Italy	extant	vagrant
Japan	extant	native	yes	yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Laos	extant	native			yes
Malaysia	extant	vagrant
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	vagrant
Myanmar	extant	native			yes
Nepal	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
Norway	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	vagrant				yes
Pakistan	extant	native
Philippines	extant	native			yes
Poland	extant	vagrant
Romania	extant	vagrant
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Serbia	extant	vagrant
Slovenia	extant	vagrant
South Korea	extant	native		yes
Spain	extant	vagrant
Sri Lanka	extant	native	yes
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Taiwan, China	extant	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native			yes
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
Vietnam	extant	native			yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Boreal	major	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Shrubland	Boreal	suitable	breeding
Altitude	0 - 3600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			non-trivial	recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-			non-trivial	recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Zoothera aurea. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/whites-thrush-zoothera-aurea on 07/06/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 07/06/2023.