Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
A2bcd+3bcd | A2bcd+3bcd | A2bcd+3bcd; C1 |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2016 | Critically Endangered | A2bcd+3bcd |
2015 | Critically Endangered | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
2012 | Vulnerable | C1+2a(ii) |
2008 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2007 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 21,100,000 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 22,100,000 | medium |
Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
Fragmentation | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | 2500-9999 | medium | estimated | 2015 |
Population trend | Decreasing | poor | estimated | - |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 73-98 | - | - | - |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Largest subpopulations | 100 | - | - | - |
Generation length (yrs) | 15 | - | - | - |
Population justification: An old estimate of 7,000-12,500 mature individuals was extrapolated from a number of regional estimates. This equates to 10,500-18,750 individuals in total. However, a new estimate of the global population suggests the population is much smaller, consisting of just 5,500 individuals (Murn et al. 2016). This equates to just 3,685 mature individuals here placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The species is thought to be declining at an extremely rapid rate. Ogada et al. (2016) estimate a median decline of 96% (range: 73-98%) over three generations (45 years). The species has shown severe declines throughout its West African range (F. Dowsett-Lemaire in litt. 2006, J.M. Thiollay in litt. 2006) and also across southern Africa (Ferguson-Lees et al. 2001).
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angola | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Benin | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Botswana | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Burkina Faso | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Burundi | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Cameroon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Central African Republic | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Chad | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Djibouti | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Eritrea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Eswatini | N | Presence Uncertain | Yes | |||
Ethiopia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Gabon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Gambia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Ghana | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Guinea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Kenya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Malawi | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Mali | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Mauritania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Mozambique | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Namibia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Niger | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Nigeria | N | Presence Uncertain | ||||
Rwanda | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Senegal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Somalia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
South Africa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Togo | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Uganda | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Zambia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Zimbabwe | N | Extant | Yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Burundi | Kigwena Forest Nature Reserve |
Kenya | Ol Ari Nyiro |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | resident |
Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
Savanna | Dry | suitable | resident |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 4000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Trigonoceps occipitalis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2019.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2019.