Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 191,000,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 75,700,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 15.2 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Brooke (2004) estimated the global population to number around 300,000 individuals.
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing threats.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | U | Extant | ||||
| Angola | V | Extant | ||||
| Antarctica | V | Extant | ||||
| Argentina | N | Extant | ||||
| Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bouvet Island (to Norway) | U | Extant | ||||
| Brazil | N | Extant | ||||
| Chile | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo | U | Extant | ||||
| Cook Islands | U | Extant | ||||
| Ecuador | U | Extant | ||||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | U | Extant | ||||
| Fiji | U | Extant | ||||
| French Polynesia | N | Extant | ||||
| French Southern Territories | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gabon | U | Extant | ||||
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands (to Australia) | U | Extant | ||||
| Kiribati | U | Extant | ||||
| Madagascar | U | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | V | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | U | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | V | Extant | ||||
| New Caledonia (to France) | U | Extant | ||||
| New Zealand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | U | Extant | ||||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | U | Extant | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | U | Extant | ||||
| Peru | U | Extant | ||||
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | U | Extant | ||||
| Samoa | U | Extant | ||||
| Solomon Islands | U | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | V | Extant | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | U | Extant | ||||
| Tonga | U | Extant | ||||
| Tuvalu | U | Extant | ||||
| Uruguay | U | Extant | ||||
| Vanuatu | U | Extant | ||||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | U | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | V | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| St Helena (to UK) | Inaccessible Island |
| St Helena (to UK) | Nightingale Island group |
| St Helena (to UK) | Gough Island |
| French Southern Territories | Île Saint Paul |
| New Zealand | Curtis & Cheeseman Islands |
| Chile | Islas Desventuradas |
| Chile | Parque Nacional Archipiélago de Juan Fernández: Islas Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara |
| French Polynesia | Ilots rocheux de Rapa et Marotiri |
| New Zealand | Kermadec Islands (Cheeseman Island) |
| New Zealand | Kermadec Islands (Curtis Island) |
| New Zealand | Kermadec Islands (Macauley Island) |
| New Zealand | Macauley & Haszard Islands |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 450 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollution | Garbage & solid waste | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Fregetta grallaria. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/03/2023.
