• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Climate Change maps
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd	A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd	A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Critically Endangered	A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd
2016	Critically Endangered	A2bcd+3bcd
2015	Critically Endangered	A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd
2012	Endangered	A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd
2008	Near Threatened	A2b,c,d; A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d
2007	Near Threatened
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	Low
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	23,400,000	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals		medium	estimated	2001
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	estimated	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	75-95	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	75-95	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	18.3	-	-	-

Population justification: The species's global population has been estimated at 270,000 individuals.

Trend justification: The most recent data on this species's population suggests that the species has declined extremely rapidly, with a median estimate of 90% (range: 75-95%) over three generations (55 years) (Ogada et al. 2016a). Declines have exceeded 90% in West Africa (Thiollay 2006), and have also occurred in other parts of the range, e.g. in Sudan (Nikolaus 2006) and Kenya (M. Virani in litt. 2006). Populations are apparently stable in Ethiopia (Nikolaus 2006) and Tanzania (D. Peterson in litt. 2006). Virani et al. (2011) documented an apparent decline of c. 52% over c.15 years in the numbers of Gyps vultures present in Masai Mara (Kenya) during the ungulate migration season, while in central Kenya an apparent decline of 69% was noted in the numbers of Gyps vultures between 2001 and 2003 (Ogada and Keesing 2010). As these are visiting individuals from a wide-ranging population, declines observed in Masai Mara may be representative of declines in Gyps populations ranging across East Africa from southern Ethiopia to southern Tanzania (C. Kendall in litt. 2012).

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Angola	N	Extant	Yes
Benin	N	Extant	Yes
Botswana	N	Extant	Yes
Burkina Faso	N	Extant	Yes
Burundi	N	Extant	Yes
Cameroon	N	Extant	Yes
Central African Republic	N	Extant	Yes
Chad	N	Extant	Yes
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	N	Extant	Yes
Côte d'Ivoire	N	Extant	Yes
Eritrea	N	Extant	Yes
Eswatini	N	Extant	Yes
Ethiopia	N	Extant	Yes
Gambia	N	Extant	Yes
Ghana	N	Extant	Yes
Guinea	N	Extant	Yes
Guinea-Bissau	N	Extant	Yes
Kenya	N	Extant	Yes
Lesotho	V	Extant	Yes
Liberia	V	Extant	Yes
Malawi	N	Extant	Yes
Mali	N	Extant	Yes
Mauritania	N	Extant	Yes
Mozambique	N	Extant	Yes
Namibia	N	Extant	Yes
Niger	N	Possibly Extant	Yes
Nigeria	N	Possibly Extant	Yes
Rwanda	N	Extant	Yes
Senegal	N	Extant	Yes
Sierra Leone	N	Extant	Yes
Somalia	N	Extant	Yes
South Africa	N	Extant	Yes
South Sudan	N	Extant	Yes
Sudan	N	Extant	Yes
Tanzania	N	Extant	Yes
Togo	N	Extant	Yes
Uganda	N	Extant	Yes
Zambia	N	Extant	Yes
Zimbabwe	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
South Africa	Zululand
South Africa	Kalahari-Gemsbok National Park
South Africa	Phongolo Nature Reserve
South Africa	Barberspan and Leeupan
Senegal	Dindefello Natural Reserve
South Africa	Dronfield
South Africa	Benfontein
South Africa	Mapungubwe
Kenya	Ol Ari Nyiro
Kenya	Hells Gate National Park
South Africa	Ndumo Game Reserve
Kenya	Kwenia
Kenya	Lolldaiga-Mugogodo-Ewaso N'yiro
Kenya	Nairobi National Park
Guinea	Foret Classe de Balayan Souroumba

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Desert	Hot	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 3500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Transportation & service corridors	Utility & service lines	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Gyps africanus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18/01/2021. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18/01/2021.