• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii)	B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii); D2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(v)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(v)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(v)
2007	Endangered
2004	Endangered
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	3,400	medium
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	190
Number of locations	3	-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	2000-2700	medium	estimated	2007
Population trend	Decreasing	medium	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	1-5	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	1-5	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	4.43	-	-	-

Population justification: Dinesen et al. (2001) estimate the population to be 3,700 individuals based on the species' range and density in the Ndundulu forest. Butynski and Ehardt (2003) have suggested that this estimate may be too high as in other parts of its range it appears significantly less common. The population may be best estimated in the range 3,000-4,000 individuals (L. Hansen in litt. 2007), roughly equating to 2,000-2,700 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population has been thought to be stable, with large fluctuations between years (L. Hansen in litt. 2007). However, due to habitat loss and degradation, as well as the additional pressure of hunting, the overall trend is suspected to be decreasing. Deforestation rates within the range have been low over the past three generations (13.29 years), amounting to <5% (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Population declines are therefore suspected to not exceed 5% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Tanzania	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Tanzania	Udzungwa National Park
Tanzania	Rubeho Mountains
Tanzania	Udzungwa Mountains
Tanzania	Udzungwa Mountain Range

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	1300 - 2400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Human intrusions & disturbance	Work & other activities	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species disturbance
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Xenoperdix udzungwensis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/08/2022. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/08/2022.