LC
Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note

Picoides tridactylus and P. funebris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. tridactylus following AOU (2003). P. tridactylus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into P. tridactylus and P. dorsalis following AOU (2003), and prior to that all three taxa were lumped as P. tridactylus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2016 Least Concern
2014 Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type Average mass -
Distribution

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) 67,000,000 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population and trend
Value Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Number of mature individuals 6000000-14999999 poor estimated 2012
Population trend stable suspected -
Generation length (years) 4.8 - - -

Population justification: The European population is estimated at 598,000-1,450,000 pairs, which equates to 1,200,000-2,900,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.20% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 6,000,000-14,500,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.

Trend justification: Although declines occurred in parts of its European range from 1970-2000, it has been stable across much of its European range during 1990-2000 (BirdLife International 2004), although the trend between 2000 and 2012 in Europe is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding Non-breeding Passage
Albania extant native yes
Austria extant native yes
Belarus extant native yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina extant native yes
Bulgaria extant native yes
Canada extant native yes
China (mainland) extant native yes
Croatia extant native yes
Czechia extant native yes
Denmark extant vagrant
Estonia extant native yes
Finland extant native yes
France extant native yes
Germany extant native yes
Greece extant native yes
Hungary extant vagrant
Italy extant native yes
Japan extant native yes
Kazakhstan extant native yes
Kyrgyzstan extant native yes
Latvia extant native yes
Liechtenstein extant native yes
Lithuania extant native yes
Mongolia extant native yes
Montenegro extant native yes
North Korea extant native yes
North Macedonia extant native yes
Norway extant native yes
Poland extant native yes
Romania extant native yes
Russia extant native yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant native yes
Russia (European) extant native yes
Serbia extant native yes
Slovakia extant native yes
Slovenia extant native yes
Sweden extant native yes
Switzerland extant native yes
Ukraine extant native yes
USA extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Serbia Kopaonik
Serbia Mokra Gora
Serbia Prokletije
Serbia Tara mountain
Serbia Zlatar
Montenegro Durmitor
Montenegro Proscenske mountains
Montenegro Sinjajevina
Montenegro Prokletije
Montenegro Šekular, Cmiljevica and Mokra Mountains
Czechia Sumava mountains (Bohemian forest)
Ukraine Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Russia (European) Pinezhski Nature Reserve
Russia (European) Lapland Biosphere Reserve
Switzerland Pre-alpine region of Pays d'Enhaut
Switzerland Upper Toggenburg and Säntis
Switzerland Heinzenberg mountain and surrounding valleys
Switzerland Lower Engadine and Swiss National Park
Switzerland Pre-alpine region of Schwyz
Russia (European) Kvarkush and Zolotoy Kamen' ridges
Ukraine Gorgany
France Parc National de la Vanoise
Finland Ruunaa
Finland Koitajoki area
Finland Litokaira
Finland Närängänvaara-Virmajoki-Romevaara
Finland Oulanka-Sukerijärvi
Finland Syöte-Salmitunturi
Finland Elimyssalo
Finland Kemihaara (Vuotos) mires and forests
Finland Maltio fjelds
Finland Pomokaira-Koitelaiskaira
Finland Saariselkä and Koilliskaira
Finland Lemmenjoki-Hammastunturi-Pulju
Belarus Brycalavičskaja Pušča
Estonia Põhja-Liivimaa
Estonia Lahemaa
Estonia Alam-Pedja
Czechia Beskydy mountains
Czechia Novohradské hory mountains
Latvia Gauja national park
Latvia Kemeri national park
Latvia Mangene forest
Latvia Zvarde forest
Latvia Abeli
Belarus Prypiackija baloty
Russia (Central Asian) East slope of the Northern Ural
Bulgaria Rila
Bulgaria Persenk
Bulgaria Pirin
Sweden Färnebofjärden
Sweden Muddus
Sweden Lake Ånn – Storlien
Sweden Sjöängen – Svartån
Kazakhstan Paradise Valley mountain plateau
Russia (Central Asian) Poyasovy Kamen' ridge
Slovakia Malá Fatra
Slovakia Veľká Fatra
Slovakia Volovské hills
Slovakia Nízke Tatry
Slovakia Horná Orava
Italy Stelvio National Park
Italy Dolomites
Italy Lagorai mountains
Italy Carniche Alps
Italy Tarvisio forest and Giulie pre-alps
Russia (Central Asian) Molebny Kamen' ridge
Russia (Central Asian) Yel'tsovskaya
Russia (Central Asian) Dvuob'ye
Russia (Central Asian) Visimsky zapovednik and vicinity
Russia (Central Asian) Zapovednik "Denezhkin Kamen'"
Russia (Central Asian) Flood-plain of the Tuy river
Germany Berchtesgaden National Park
Germany High alps of Allgäu
Germany Eastern Chiemgau Alps
Germany Bayerischer Wald National Park with Arber region and Hohem Bogen
Germany Karwendel and Karwendel foothills
Romania Defileul Superior al Mureşului
Romania Giurgeu Depression
Romania Călimani Mountains
Romania Ceahlă Mountains
Romania Frumoasa
Romania Rarău Mountains - Giumalău
Romania Retezat Mountains
Romania Rodnei Mountains
Romania Vrancea Mountains
Romania Padiş - Vlădeasa mountain
Lithuania Birzai forest
Lithuania Buda - Pravieniskes forest complex
Lithuania Padauguva forest complex
Lithuania Rudninkai forest complex
Lithuania Adutiskis & Guntauninkai forest complex
Lithuania Cepkeliai Strict Nature Reserve
Lithuania A complex of Rokantiskes, Bezdonys, Buzaraistis and neighbouring forests
Austria Niedere Tauern
Czechia Boletice
Poland Knyszyn Forest
Poland Bialowieza Forest
Poland Beskid Zywiecki Mountains
Poland Tatra mountains
Poland Gorce mountains
Poland Beskid Niski Mountains
Poland Przemysl Plateau
Poland Slonne Mountains
Poland Bieszczady Mountains
Poland Beskid Slaski Mountains
Slovenia Grintovci
Slovenia Jelovica plateau
Slovenia Julijci
Slovenia Kočevsko
Slovenia Snežnik plateau and Pivka valley
Croatia Gorski Kotar and Northern Lika
Croatia Plitvice Lakes National Park
Croatia Mount Velebit

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Boreal major non-breeding
Forest Boreal major breeding
Forest Temperate suitable non-breeding
Forest Temperate suitable breeding
Altitude 360 - 2700 m Occasional altitudinal limits (max) 3350 m

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Picoides tridactylus. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/three-toed-woodpecker-picoides-tridactylus on 28/09/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 28/09/2023.