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Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Christie, D. 2004. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).

Partners in Flight. 2019. Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2019. Available at: http://pif.birdconservancy.org/ACAD.

Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Tyrannus crassirostris. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/thick-billed-kingbird-tyrannus-crassirostris on 24/09/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 24/09/2023.