Data Zone
Anderson, M. D.; Maritz, A. W. A.; Oosthuysen, E. 1999. Raptors drowning in farm reservoirs in South Africa. Ostrich 70(2): 139-144.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Brown, C.J. 1991. Declining martial Polemaetus bellicosus and tawny Aquila rapax eagle populations and causes of mortality on farmlands in central Namibia. Biological Conservation 56(1): 49-62.
Buij, R.; Nikolaus, G.; Whytock, R.; Ingram, D.J.; Ogada, D. 2016. Trade of threatened vultures and other raptors for fetish and bushmeat in West and Central Africa. Oryx 50(4): 606-616.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (eds). 1994. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D.A. 2001. Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm, London.
Garbett, R.; Herremans, M.; Maude, G.; Reading, R.P. and Amar, A. 2018. Raptor population trends in northern Botswana: A re-survey of road transects after 20 years. Biological Conservation 224: 87-99.
Global Raptors Information Network. 2020. Species account: Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata. Available at: http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/SpeciesResults.asp?specID=8350. (Accessed: 05/05/2020).
IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).
Sharma, A.K., Saini, M., Singh, S.D., Prakash, V., Das, A., Dasan, R.B., Pandey, S., Bohara, D., Galligan, T.H., Green, R.E., Knopp, D. and Cuthbert, R.J. 2014. Diclofenac is toxic to the Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis: widening the diversity of raptors threatened by NSAID misuse in South Asia. Bird Conservation International 24: 282-286.
Simmons, R. E. 2015. Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax. In: Simmons, R. E.; Brown, C. J.; Kemper, J. (ed.), Birds to watch in Namibia: red, rare and endemic species, pp. 127-129. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia Nature Foundation.
SoIB. 2020. State of India’s Birds factsheet: Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax. Available at: https://www.stateofindiasbirds.in/species/taweag1/. (Accessed: 12/08/2021).
Taylor, M. R. 2015. Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax. In: Taylor, M. R., Peacock, F. & Wanless, R. M. (ed.), The 2015 Eskom Red Data Book of Birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, pp. 116-118. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Thiollay, J.-M. 2006. The decline of raptors in West Africa: long-term assessment and the role of protected areas. Ibis 148: 240-254.
Thiollay, J.-M. 2007. Raptor declines in West Africa: comparisons between protected, buffer and cultivated areas. Oryx 41: 322-329.
Virani, M.; Kendall, C.; Njoroge, P.; Thomsett, S. 2011. Major declines in the abundance of vultures and other scavenging raptors in and around the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya. Biological Conservation 144: 746-752.
Wichmann, M. C., Dean, W. R. J., Jeltsch, F. 2004. Global change challenges the Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax): modelling extinction risk with respect to predicted climate and land use changes. Ostrich 75: 204–210.
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Aquila rapax. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/tawny-eagle-aquila-rapax on 23/09/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 23/09/2023.
