• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Near Threatened	A2bde+3bde+4bde
2016	Near Threatened	A2bde+3bde+4bde; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2012	Near Threatened	A2bde+3bde+4bde;B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2010	Near Threatened	A2b,d,e; A3b,d,e; A4b,d,e; B2a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2008	Near Threatened	A2b,d,e; B2a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2005	Near Threatened
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	68,500,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	10000-19999	medium	estimated	2004
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	17.7	-	-	-

Population justification: The overall population of the species probably does not exceed 10,000 pairs (i.e. 20,000 mature individuals) and 30,000 individuals. It is thus placed in the band 10,000-19,999 mature individuals, and thought to number 20,000-30,000 individuals in total.

Trend justification: There are no recent data, however the species is thought to be declining, mainly due to nest predation by introduced predators and open cast mining activities. Marine surveys in the eastern tropical Pacific from 1988-2000 estimated a 35% reduction between the periods 1988-1990 and 1998-2000 (Balance et al. 2002).

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
American Samoa	N	Extant		Yes
Australia	N	Extant			Yes
Chile	U	Extant
Colombia	U	Extant
Cook Islands	U	Extant		Yes
Costa Rica	U	Extant
Ecuador	U	Extant
El Salvador	U	Extant
Fiji	N	Extant		Yes
French Polynesia	N	Extant		Yes
French Southern Territories	U	Extant
Guam (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes
Guatemala	U	Extant
Indonesia	U	Extant
Japan	U	Extant
Kiribati	U	Extant
Marshall Islands	U	Extant
Mexico	V	Extant
Micronesia, Federated States of	N	Extant			Yes
Nauru	U	Extant
New Caledonia (to France)	N	Extant		Yes
New Zealand	V	Extant
Nicaragua	U	Extant
Niue (to New Zealand)	U	Extant
Norfolk Island (to Australia)	U	Extant
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	U	Extant
Palau	U	Extant
Panama	U	Extant
Papua New Guinea	U	Extant
Peru	U	Extant
Philippines	U	Extant
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	U	Extant
Samoa	U	Extant
Solomon Islands	V	Extant
Tokelau (to New Zealand)	U	Extant
Tonga	U	Extant
Tuvalu	U	Extant
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	U	Extant
Vanuatu	N	Extinct		Yes
Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France)	U	Extant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
American Samoa	Manu'a Islands Marine
American Samoa	National Park of American Samoa - Ta'u
Fiji	East Kadavu Passage
Fiji	Gau Highlands
Fiji	Taveuni Highlands
Fiji	Taveuni Marine
French Polynesia	Crêtes et pentes du Mont Marau
French Polynesia	Mangareva
French Polynesia	Mont Pahia
French Polynesia	Nord-ouest de Nuku Hiva
French Polynesia	Raiatea Marine
French Polynesia	Tetiaroa, Moorea et Tahiti Marine
French Polynesia	Ua Huka
French Polynesia	Vallée d'Opunohu
French Polynesia	Vallée de Avera
French Polynesia	Vallée de la Papenoo
New Caledonia (to France)	Côte Nord-est Marin
New Caledonia (to France)	Grand Sud Marin
New Caledonia (to France)	Île Némou
New Caledonia (to France)	Îlots du lagon sud
New Caledonia (to France)	Îlots du Nord-Ouest
New Caledonia (to France)	Massif de Koniambo
New Caledonia (to France)	Massif du Panié
New Caledonia (to France)	Voh Marine

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	suitable	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	breeding
Altitude	0 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Ardenna pacifica	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Competition, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Pollution	Excess energy - Light pollution	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food (human)	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild		Non-trivial	Recent
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Pseudobulweria rostrata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/04/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/04/2019.