• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii,v)
2016	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii);C2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii);C2a(i)
2008	Near Threatened	B1a+b(iii); C2a(i)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land mass type	land-mass type - shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	21,800	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	3300-6700	poor	estimated	2001
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	1-9	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	1-9	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	5	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.5,000-10,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2001), roughly equivalent to 3,300-6,700 mature individuals.

Trend justification: There are no data on population trends; however, the species is suspected to be declining outside of protected areas owing to habitat degradation. An analysis of deforestation from 2000 to 2012 found that forest within the species's range was lost at a rate equivalent to 1% over three generation lengths (Tracewski et al. 2016). This suggests that the overall population is declining only slowly.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Taiwan, China	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Taiwan, China	Chuyanshan Nature Reserve
Taiwan, China	Dawushan Nature Reserve and Shuang-guei Lake Major Wildlife Habitat
Taiwan, China	Daxueshan, Xueshankeng, Wushikeng, Taichung City
Taiwan, China	Hapen and Fushan
Taiwan, China	Nengdan, Nantou County
Taiwan, China	North Section of Xueshan Mountain Range, Taoyuan City
Taiwan, China	Ruei-yan, Nantou County
Taiwan, China	Sanping
Taiwan, China	Shei-Pa National Park
Taiwan, China	Shihmen Reservoir
Taiwan, China	Taroko National Park
Taiwan, China	Upstream Section of Beigang River, Nantou County
Taiwan, China	Yuli Wildlife Refuge

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	300 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		international	non-trivial	recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Lophura swinhoii. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/swinhoes-pheasant-lophura-swinhoii on 06/06/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 06/06/2023.