Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 40,300 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mature individuals | 10000-25000, 15000-25000 | poor | inferred | 2021 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | suspected | 2020-2032 |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations future) | 10-19 | - | - | - |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations past and future) | 10-19 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | 100 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (years) | 4.1 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population size of this species has not previously been estimated specifically. The density of Wallacean congeners has consistently been recorded at c.4-4.5 individuals/km2 (see Jones et al. [1995] and Marsden [1998]) and based on qualitative descriptions of abundance in Eaton et al. (2021), this density is deemed appropriate for T. funebris. Within the species' range, c.13,000 km2 of forest remained in 2021 (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Assuming an occupancy rate of 30-60% to reflect the species' description as scarce (Coates and Bishop 1997, Eaton et al. 2021), although also noting it is elusive, the population is inferred to number c.15,000-35,000 individuals, equating to c.10,000-25,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: Over the past three generations, 6.5-10.0% of forest within this species' range has been lost (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Losses are also projected into the future and may accelerate (to a rate equivalent to c.10-15% over three generations) between 2020 and 2053 (Voigt et al. 2021). As a forest dependent species (that apparently shuns edge; Eaton et al. [2021]) the rate of forest loss is thought to be broadly equivalent (or perhaps slightly less than) population losses, thus the past rate of population reduction is suspected to be 5-15% over three generations, while the future rate of reduction is suspected to be 10-19% over three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Indonesia | Tanah Putih |
| Indonesia | Aketajawe |
| Indonesia | Hutan Bakau Dodaga |
| Indonesia | Halmahera Timur |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Swamp | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 620 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Small dams | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Todiramphus funebris. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sombre-kingfisher-todiramphus-funebris on 24/09/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 24/09/2023.
