Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Livezey, B. C. 1995. Phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of modern seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini). Condor 97(1): 233-255.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2013 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
Land mass type | Average mass | 1757 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 11,700,000 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 8,320,000 | medium |
Number of locations | - | |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | 400000-700000 | poor | estimated | 2006 |
Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population has been estimated at 600,000-1,000,000 individuals (Delany and Scott 2006), probably including c.400,000-700,000 mature individuals, on the basis that they account for around 2/3 of the population.
Trend justification: There is some limited anecdotal evidence of a decline in the population during the past four decades (N. Moores in litt. 2012); however, further data are needed in order to estimate the rate of decline.
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (mainland) | N | Extant | ||||
Hong Kong (China) | V | Extant | ||||
Japan | N | Extant | ||||
Mongolia | V | Extant | ||||
North Korea | N | Extant | ||||
Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
South Korea | N | Extant | ||||
Taiwan, China | U | Extant |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Russia (Asian) | Karaginskiy Island |
Russia (Asian) | Nerpich'ye Lake and Kamchatka River delta |
Russia (Asian) | Bol'shaya River Estuary |
Russia (Asian) | Moroshechnaya River |
Russia (Asian) | North-east Sakhalin lagoons |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
Grassland | Tundra | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Other impacts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Energy production & mining | Oil & gas drilling | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | No/Negligible Impact: 2 | ||||||
|
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Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Melanitta stejnegeri. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/08/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/08/2022.