Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2bce+3bce+4bce | A2bce+3bce+4bce |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Vulnerable | A2bce+3bce+4bce |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 820,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 52,100,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 60000-120000, 73000 | poor | estimated | 2020 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | estimated | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 24-60,45 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 24-60,45 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | 100 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (yrs) | 4.9 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Hansen et al. (2022) estimated the population in 2016 to number 120,684 using a breeding range and density estimate, or 85,829 from a spatially extrapolated estimate. The latter value is considered to be most accurate. Using the same underlying data (near-comprehensive count data from Australia, where >90% of the population winters) and trends derived from Clemens et al. (2016, 2019) and Clemens (2017), Clemens et al. (2021) estimate the population in 2020 to have numbered 72,900 mature individuals. Considering these data, the population is here estimated at 60,000-120,000, with a best estimate of 73,000.
Trend justification: Wetlands International (2019) considered the population trend to be unknown, however data exist from the wintering area that suggest a recent rapid decline. In Australia, where >90% of the world population winters (Clemens et al. 2021), data from a long-running (since the 1980s), continent-wide citizen science monitoring effort indicate a recent steep decline after temporal and spatial variability are accounted for (see Clemens 2017). The declines in the number of individuals recorded in Australia are inferred to represent the global rate of reduction in mature individuals. The estimated population of C. acuminata in 2016 in Australia was 85,000 (Hansen et al. 2022). By 2020, the abundance was estimated to be 72,900, based on an extrapolation of the 2016 data using trends derived from Clemens et al. (2016, 2019) and Clemens (2017). Over three generations (14.6 years; Bird et al. 2020), estimated population declines have been: 60% (Clemens et al. 2016), 24% (Clemens 2017), 47% (Clemens et al. 2019; Waterbird meta-analysis) and 52% (Clemens et al. 2019; Generalised Additive Model). The population is therefore estimated to be declining at a rate of 24-60% over three generations, with a best estimate (following Clemens et al. 2021) of 45%. Moreover, juvenile birds staging in Alaska before the onset of the autumn migration are in decline and the species has been included in the Red Alaska Watchlist (Warnock 2017). With continuing invasion of cordgrass on its staging sites (Melville et al. 2016) and climate change increasing the frequency of and severity of droughts (which has been demonstrated to impact the global population [Clemens 2017]), this decline is predicted to continue at approximately the same rate.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | V | Extant | ||||
| Belgium | V | Extant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brunei | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bulgaria | V | Extant | ||||
| Canada | V | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | V | Extant | ||||
| Ecuador | V | Extant | ||||
| Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Finland | V | Extant | ||||
| France | V | Extant | ||||
| Germany | V | Extant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | V | Extant | ||||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ireland | V | Extant | ||||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | V | Extant | ||||
| Kiribati | V | Extant | ||||
| Madagascar | V | Extant | ||||
| Malaysia | V | Extant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | V | Extant | ||||
| Myanmar | V | Extant | ||||
| Nauru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | V | Extant | ||||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| New Zealand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | V | Extant | ||||
| Oman | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Pakistan | V | Extant | ||||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Philippines | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | V | Extant | ||||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | V | Extant | ||||
| Seychelles | V | Extant | ||||
| Singapore | V | Extant | ||||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| South Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | V | Extant | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | V | Extant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | V | Extant | ||||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Tonga | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | V | Extant | ||||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vanuatu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | V | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | V | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 800 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Spartina alterniflora | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Domestic & urban waste water - Run-off | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Domestic & urban waste water - Sewage | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Calidris acuminata. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
