• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html#.
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Near Threatened	A2bcd
2012	Near Threatened	A2bcd
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	9,670,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	21,000,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals		poor	estimated	2006
Population trend	Decreasing		estimated	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.4	-	-	-

Population justification: The population was formerly estimated at 3.5 million individuals, but this was revised downwards to 2.2 million individuals in 2006 (Morrison et al. 2006, A. Lesterhuis in litt. 2009, Andres et al. 2012), assuming annual declines of 5% in 75% of the North American population.

Trend justification: This species is conservatively estimated to have declined at a rate approaching 30% over three generations (22 years). Determining the exact population trajectory is very difficult, but aerial surveys along the coasts of Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana (which may support c.85% of the population wintering on the coast of South America) suggest that the non-breeding population may have declined by c.79% between the early 1980s and 2008 (Morrison et al. 2012), while data from the Bay of Fundy show a 68% decline during southbound migration between 1982 and 2005, with the greatest reductions taking place since the mid 1990s.  Preliminary results from surveys off the Brazilian coast (Belem to Baia de Sanadi) in 2011 suggest that declines have also taken place here since 1982, making it unlikely that a southward shift in wintering range accounts for the declines in Suriname and French Guiana (D. Mizrahi in litt. 2011). Long-term population trend indices also suggest that Semipalmated Sandpiper has declined significantly since the 1980s, especially populations migrating along the Atlantic Coast en route to eastern Canadian breeding areas (Mizrahi et al. 2012). Analyses of population trends with migration monitoring data from eastern and central North America for the 35-year period from 1974 to 2009 found trends that were generally negative, but not statistically significant, with counts that decreased between 1985 and 1999, then recovered at least partially through the 2000s (Gratto-Trevor et. al. 2012). However, data from the breeding range suggests that the species was generally increasing or stable in the western and central portions of the range and had an uncertain status in the east (Smith et al. 2012), making the overall picture difficult to determine.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Albania	V	Extant
Anguilla (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
Antigua and Barbuda	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Argentina	N	Extant			Yes
Aruba (to Netherlands)	N	Extant			Yes
Bahamas	N	Extant				Yes
Barbados	N	Extant				Yes
Belize	N	Extant				Yes
Bermuda (to UK)	N	Extant				Yes
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	N	Extant			Yes
Brazil	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Canada	N	Extant		Yes		Yes
Cayman Islands (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
Chile	N	Extant			Yes
Colombia	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Costa Rica	N	Extant			Yes
Cuba	N	Extant
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	N	Extant			Yes
Denmark	V	Extant
Djibouti	V	Extant
Dominica	N	Extant			Yes
Dominican Republic	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Ecuador	N	Extant			Yes
El Salvador	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
France	V	Extant
French Guiana	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Germany	V	Extant
Greenland (to Denmark)	V	Extant
Grenada	N	Extant			Yes
Guadeloupe (to France)	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Guatemala	N	Extant				Yes
Guyana	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Haiti	N	Extant			Yes
Honduras	N	Extant				Yes
Iceland	V	Extant
Ireland	V	Extant
Israel	V	Extant				Yes
Jamaica	N	Extant			Yes
Martinique (to France)	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Mauritania	V	Extant
Mexico	N	Extant				Yes
Montserrat (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
Morocco	V	Extant
Netherlands	V	Extant
Nicaragua	N	Extant				Yes
Panama	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Paraguay	N	Extant			Yes
Peru	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Portugal	V	Extant
Puerto Rico (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Russia	N	Extant		Yes
Russia (Asian)	N	Extant		Yes
Sint Maarten (to Netherlands)	N	Extant			Yes
Spain	V	Extant
St Barthelemy (to France)	N	Extant
St Kitts and Nevis	N	Extant			Yes
St Lucia	N	Extant			Yes
St Martin (to France)	N	Extant			Yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	N	Extant				Yes
St Vincent and the Grenadines	N	Extant			Yes
Suriname	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Sweden	V	Extant
Trinidad and Tobago	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
United Kingdom	V	Extant
Uruguay	N	Extant			Yes
USA	N	Extant		Yes		Yes
Venezuela	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Virgin Islands (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
Virgin Islands (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Baixada Maranhense
Brazil	Reentrâncias Maranhenses / Paraenses
Canada	Akimiski Island
Canada	Barre de Portneuf
Canada	Battures aux Loups Marins
Canada	Battures de Beauport and chenal de l'île d'Orléans
Canada	Chaplin Lake
Canada	Cobequid Bay
Canada	Dorchester Cape and Grand Anse
Canada	Eastern Cape Sable Island
Canada	Ekwan to Lakitusaki Shores
Canada	Old Wives-Frederick Lakes
Canada	Quill Lakes
Canada	Saint's Rest Marsh and Beach
Canada	Shepody Bay West
Canada	Southern Bight, Minas Basin
Canada	Upper Cumberland Basin
French Guiana	Amana
French Guiana	Ile de Cayenne
French Guiana	Littoral
French Guiana	Littoral Kourou
French Guiana	Littoral Macouria
French Guiana	Littoral Sinnamary
French Guiana	Plaine Kaw et Pointe Béhague
Panama	Chimán Wetlands
Panama	Parita Bay
Panama	Upper Bay of Panamá
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Suroeste
Suriname	Bigi Pan
Suriname	Northern Commewijne/ Marowijne
Suriname	Northern Coronie
Suriname	Northern Saramacca
Trinidad and Tobago	West Coast Mudflats
USA	Teshekpuk Lake-E. Dease Inlet
Venezuela	Humedales Boca del Río Unare

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Tundra	major	breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Mud Flats and Salt Flats	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Inland Deltas	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt)	major	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Competition
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Oil & gas drilling	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 3
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Calidris pusilla. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/10/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/10/2019.