• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Actenoides princeps and A. regalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. princeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	A3c
2014	Near Threatened	A3c

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	245,000
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	Decreasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-50	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	3.88	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size has not been specifically estimated, but the species is reported to be uncommon (del Hoyo et al. 2001, Eaton et al. 2021). Although eBird (2022) data suggest that it is sparsely distributed, much of its range is totally inaccessible. Moreover, Actenoides kingfishers are elusive with low detectability (Fry and Fry 1999). Within its large range remains 25,000 km² of forest, such that even if it does prove to occur at an unusually low density/occupancy, the population size is very likely to be above 10,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population was previously suspected of undergoing sustained population losses because of habitat loss. However, recent remote sensing data (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data and methods from Hansen et al. [2013]) suggest that in the three generations to 2021, this amounted to no more than 2% loss of forest cover extent. Future projections (Voigt et al. 2021) also show the majority of this species' range remaining intact up to 2050. Consequently, although the species is thought to be declining, it is suspected of doing so only very slowly.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Indonesia	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Tangkoko Dua Sudara
Indonesia	Bogani Nani Wartabone
Indonesia	Lore Lindu
Indonesia	Morowali

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	900 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 250 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-	-	International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Actenoides princeps. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 28/01/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 28/01/2023.