• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii); D
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	altitudinal migrant	Forest dependency	Low
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	2,900	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	5,500	medium
Number of locations	1-5	-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	1-49	poor	inferred	2020
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	100	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is not well known and rarely observed. At the beginning of the 20^th century, it was described as 'fairly common' (Fundación ProAves in litt. 2020). Since the last confirmed record in 1946, it has only been recorded with certainty once in 2010, despite comprehensive searches (Butler 2010, O. Cortes in litt. 2020, P. G. W. Salaman in litt. 2020). A tape-recording from 2006 proved erroneous, and other sightings have been attributed to misidentification of White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii; Fundación ProAves in litt. 2020, P. G. W. Salaman in litt. 2020). The exact population size has not been quantified. However, the paucity of confirmed records since 1946 suggest that the species is very rare, numbering < 50 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been estimated directly. Given that the species has become very difficult to observe over the last decades, with only one record confirmed since 1946, a continuing decline in population size is inferred.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Colombia	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Pueblo Bello
Colombia	Cuchilla de San Lorenzo
Colombia	Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park and surrounding areas

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	resident
Altitude	1200 - 4800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Slow, Significant Declines		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Campylopterus phainopeplus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/03/2023.