Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type | Average mass | 198 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 9,270,000 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 27,300,000 | medium |
Number of locations | - | |
Fragmentation | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2012 | |
Population trend | Stable | suspected | - | |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Generation length (yrs) | 6.9 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.330,000-700,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 1,100-2,100 pairs, which equates to 2,100-4,100 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). The population in Russia has been estimated at c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is stable, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). The small European population (c. 10% of global range) is estimated to be increasing (BirdLife International 2015).
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angola | V | Extant | ||||
Australia | V | Extant | ||||
Austria | V | Extant | ||||
Belgium | V | Extant | ||||
Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
Bulgaria | V | Extant | ||||
Cameroon | V | Extant | ||||
Canada | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Cape Verde | N | Extant | ||||
Chile | N | Extant | ||||
Colombia | N | Extant | ||||
Congo | V | Extant | ||||
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | U | Extant | ||||
Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
Cuba | V | Extant | ||||
Czechia | V | Extant | ||||
Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Ecuador | N | Extant | ||||
Egypt | V | Extant | ||||
El Salvador | N | Extant | ||||
Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
Finland | V | Extant | ||||
France | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Gabon | N | Extant | ||||
Germany | V | Extant | ||||
Ghana | V | Extant | ||||
Gibraltar (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
Greenland (to Denmark) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Guatemala | N | Extant | ||||
Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | ||||
Iceland | N | Extant | ||||
Ireland | N | Extant | ||||
Israel | V | Extant | ||||
Italy | V | Extant | ||||
Japan | V | Extant | ||||
Jordan | V | Extant | ||||
Latvia | V | Extant | ||||
Liberia | N | Extant | ||||
Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
Namibia | N | Extant | ||||
Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
Norway | V | Extant | ||||
Panama | N | Extant | ||||
Peru | N | Extant | ||||
Poland | V | Extant | ||||
Portugal | N | Extant | ||||
Romania | V | Extant | ||||
Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Russia (Central Asian) | V | Extant | ||||
Russia (European) | N | Extant | ||||
Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
South Korea | V | Extant | ||||
Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Sweden | V | Extant | ||||
Switzerland | V | Extant | ||||
Togo | V | Extant | ||||
Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | ||||
United Arab Emirates | V | Extant | Yes | |||
United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | |||
USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Western Sahara | N | Extant |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Canada | Foxe Basin Islands |
Russia (Asian) | Lena delta |
Spain | Costa da Morte |
Spain | Entorno marino de las rías Baixas |
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | Jan Mayen island |
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | Northwest Spitsbergen National Park |
USA | Barrow Canyon & Smith Bay |
USA | Chukchi Sea Nearshore |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Xema sabini. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 13/12/2019.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 13/12/2019.