• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Near Threatened	A2abc+3bc+4abc
2018	Near Threatened	A2ac+3c+4ac
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	4 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	2,780,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	3,600,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	22000000	medium	estimated	2019
Population trend	Decreasing		estimated	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	10-29	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	10-29	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-

Population justification: Partners in Flight (2019) estimate the population of mature individuals to total ~22,000,000.

Trend justification:

Partners in Flight (2019) currently estimate a ~2.1% decline in mature individuals each year, which equates to a ~19% reduction over a ten year period. Rates of decline are estimated to have decreased since 2006 and similar rates of decline are supported by Sauer et al. (2017). Although the North American Breeding Bird Survey estimated annual declines to be ~1.45% between 2010-2015, which corresponds to a ~14% across the stipulated ten year period, they conclude that estimates population reductions may reach up to ~32% in a worst-case scenario (Sauer et al. 2017). The rate of population decline is therefore tentatively placed in the band 10-29% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Bahamas	V	Extant
Canada	N	Extant		Yes
Mexico	N	Extant			Yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	V	Extant			Yes
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	V	Extant
USA	N	Extant		Yes	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Mexico	Sierra de Santa Rosa
Mexico	Bosque La Primavera
Mexico	Reserva Ecológica Sierra de San Juan
Mexico	Sierra de Manantlán
Mexico	Santiaguillo
Mexico	Río Presidio - Pueblo Nuevo

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	marginal	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	major	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Selasphorus rufus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 27/01/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 27/01/2023.