• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Near Threatened	A2ac+3c+4ac
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	3.5 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	2,780,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	3,600,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	19000000	poor	estimated	2016
Population trend	Decreasing		estimated	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	20-29	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	20-29	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	4.7	-	-	-

Population justification: Rosenberg et al. (2016) estimate the population size to be 19,000,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification:

Rosenberg et al. (2016) estimated reduction of 60% between 1970 and 2014, roughly equating to a reduction of 25.4% over three generations (14.1 years). Sauer et al. (2017) also suggest that the reduction is not only historical. Conversely, Christmas Bird Count data shows an annual increase between 1966 and 2017 (T. Meehan in litt. 2018), but only a very small proportion of its non-breeding range is within the United States. 

Looking at short-term trends, Sauer et al. (2017) present year by year records, and so we can extrapolate trends for any three generation period. Extrapolating trends between 2004 and 2015 to 2018 in order to estimate the population trend over the past three generations shows the population has been, in general, decreasing with a significant, estimated annual decrease of 2.23% (1.21 to 3.40%) (Sauer et al. 2017). This equates to a reduction of 27.2% (15.8-38.6%) over three generations. The Sauer et al. data appears to show that the rate of decline slows after 2006, however, Partners in Flight also gives the species a future half-life of 34 years, which would equate to a decrease of 25.0% over three generations (Rosenberg et al. 2016). Therefore, it is tentatively assumed that declines will continue into the future at the current rate of 20-29% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Bahamas	V	Extant
Canada	N	Extant		Yes
Mexico	N	Extant			Yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	V	Extant			Yes
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	V	Extant
USA	N	Extant		Yes	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Mexico	Sierra de Atoyac y Bosques de Niebla de la Costa Grande

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	marginal	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	major	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-	-	International	Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Selasphorus rufus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18/01/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18/01/2019.