VU
Rufous-fronted Parakeet Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - B1ab(iii)

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2021 Vulnerable B1ab(iii)
2016 Vulnerable B1ab(iii,v);C2a(i);D2
2012 Vulnerable B1ab(iii,v);C2a(i);D2
2008 Vulnerable B1a+b(iii,v); C2a(i); D2
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Endangered
1996 Endangered
1994 Endangered
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency low
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 17,600 km2 medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) 6,660 km2
Number of locations 6-10 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 20000-49999 mature individuals medium estimated 2016
Population trend decreasing poor suspected 2015-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-9% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-9% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-9% - - -
Generation length 3.4 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 3 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: Based on observed densities of 0 individuals/km2 in forest, 5.2 individuals/km2 in páramo and 65.2 individuals/km2 in sub-páramo, the population is estimated to number around 60,000 individuals, equating to 40,000 mature individuals; however this is likely an overestimation (Renjifo et al. 2016). To account for this uncertainty, the global population is therefore here placed in the band 20,000-49,999 mature individuals.
Based on observational records (per eBird 2020), it is assumed that the species forms three subpopulations.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been quantified directly. Within the range, habitat quality is degraded through firewood collection, grazing, burning and agricultural expansion (Renjifo et al. 2016; Collar and Boesman 2020). As such, the population is assumed to be decreasing at a rate not exceeding 10% over three generations (10.2 years); the reduction is believed to continue at this rate into the future.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Colombia extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Colombia Bosques del Oriente de Risaralda
Colombia Páramos y Bosques Altoandinos de Génova
Colombia Cuenca del Río Toche
Colombia Finca Paraguay
Colombia Lagunas Bombona y Vancouver
Colombia Reserva Natural Ibanasca
Colombia Reservas Comunitarias de Roncesvalles

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial Arable Land suitable resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane suitable unset
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude major resident
Shrubland Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude major resident
Altitude 3200 - 4000 m Occasional altitudinal limits (min) 2800 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

Utilisation
Purpose Primary form used Life stage used Source Scale Level Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture - - non-trivial recent

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rufous-fronted-parakeet-bolborhynchus-ferrugineifrons on 19/03/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org on 19/03/2024.