Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 177,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 399,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 300000-500000 | poor | estimated | 2009 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 7.3 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.460,000-730,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). This roughly equates to 300,000-500,000 mature individuals. National population estimates include: c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in China; c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-10,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan, China; c.50-10,000 individuals on migration in Korea; c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Japan and c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 35,900-77,100 pairs, which equates to 71,800-154,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). In North America, the population has been undergoing a slow or non-significant decline over the last four decades (based on Partners in Flight; A. Panjabi in litt. 2017), while in Europe the population size is estimated to be decreasing by less than 25% over three generations (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Extant | ||||
| Algeria | N | Extant | ||||
| American Samoa | N | Extant | ||||
| Angola | N | Extant | ||||
| Anguilla (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | N | Extant | ||||
| Argentina | N | Extant | ||||
| Armenia | N | Extant | ||||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | ||||
| Australia | N | Extant | ||||
| Austria | N | Extant | ||||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Bahamas | N | Extant | ||||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | ||||
| Barbados | N | Extant | ||||
| Belarus | V | Extant | ||||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belize | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Benin | N | Extant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Bolivia | N | Extant | ||||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Botswana | N | Extant | ||||
| Brazil | N | Extant | ||||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | N | Extant | ||||
| Brunei | N | Extant | ||||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Burkina Faso | N | Extant | ||||
| Burundi | N | Extant | ||||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | ||||
| Cameroon | N | Extant | ||||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cape Verde | N | Extant | ||||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Chad | N | Extant | ||||
| Chile | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | ||||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | ||||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | N | Extant | ||||
| Colombia | N | Extant | ||||
| Comoros | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | ||||
| Cook Islands | N | Extant | ||||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | ||||
| Cuba | N | Extant | ||||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | N | Extant | ||||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominica | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Ecuador | N | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| El Salvador | N | Extant | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eswatini | V | Extant | ||||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | N | Extant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| French Guiana | N | Extant | ||||
| French Polynesia | N | Extant | ||||
| French Southern Territories | N | Extant | ||||
| Gabon | N | Extant | ||||
| Gambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | ||||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ghana | N | Extant | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Grenada | N | Extant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | ||||
| Guyana | N | Extant | ||||
| Haiti | N | Extant | ||||
| Honduras | N | Extant | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | N | Extant | ||||
| Hungary | N | Extant | ||||
| Iceland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| India | N | Extant | ||||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ireland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | N | Extant | ||||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jamaica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | ||||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | ||||
| Kenya | N | Extant | ||||
| Kiribati | N | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | ||||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lesotho | V | Extant | ||||
| Liberia | N | Extant | ||||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Liechtenstein | V | Extant | ||||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | ||||
| Luxembourg | V | Extant | ||||
| Madagascar | N | Extant | ||||
| Malawi | N | Extant | ||||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | N | Extant | ||||
| Mali | N | Extant | ||||
| Malta | N | Extant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritius | N | Extant | ||||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | ||||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | ||||
| Montserrat (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | ||||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | N | Extant | ||||
| Nauru | N | Extant | ||||
| Nepal | N | Extant | ||||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| New Zealand | N | Extant | ||||
| Nicaragua | N | Extant | ||||
| Niger | N | Extant | ||||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | ||||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | ||||
| North Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestinian Authority Territories | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Panama | N | Extant | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Paraguay | V | Extant | ||||
| Peru | N | Extant | ||||
| Philippines | N | Extant | ||||
| Poland | N | Extant | ||||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | N | Extant | ||||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Réunion (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Romania | N | Extant | ||||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Rwanda | V | Extant | ||||
| Samoa | N | Extant | ||||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | N | Extant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | ||||
| Seychelles | N | Extant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
| Singapore | N | Extant | ||||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | ||||
| Slovenia | V | Extant | ||||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | ||||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | N | Extant | ||||
| South Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | N | Extant | ||||
| St Lucia | N | Extant | ||||
| St Martin (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | N | Extant | ||||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Suriname | N | Extant | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | ||||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | ||||
| Thailand | N | Extant | ||||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Togo | N | Extant | ||||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | ||||
| Tonga | N | Extant | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Tuvalu | N | Extant | ||||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uruguay | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Vanuatu | N | Extant | ||||
| Venezuela | N | Extant | ||||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Zambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | N | Extant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Neovison vison | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | No/Negligible Impact: 2 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Arenaria interpres. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 05/03/2021.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 05/03/2021.
