• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Climate Change maps
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	28,400,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	Increasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.6	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be common to abundant throughout its natural range (del Hoyo et al. 1997), while the population in Japan has been estimated at c.100-10,000 introduced breeding pairs (Brazil 2009).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be increasing as ongoing habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Afghanistan	N	Extant	Yes
Austria	I	Extinct	Yes
Bahrain	I	Extant	Yes
Bangladesh	N	Extant	Yes
Belgium	I	Extant	Yes
Benin	N	Extant	Yes
Bhutan	N	Extant	Yes
Burkina Faso	N	Extant	Yes
Cameroon	N	Extant	Yes
Cape Verde	V	Extant			Yes
Central African Republic	N	Extant	Yes
Chad	N	Extant	Yes
China (mainland)	N	Extant	Yes
Côte d'Ivoire	N	Extant	Yes
Cuba	I	Extant	Yes
Djibouti	N	Extant	Yes
Egypt	I	Extant	Yes
Eritrea	N	Extant	Yes
Ethiopia	N	Extant	Yes
France	I	Extant	Yes
Gambia	N	Extant	Yes
Germany	I	Extant	Yes
Ghana	N	Extant	Yes
Guinea	N	Extant	Yes
Guinea-Bissau	N	Extant	Yes
Hong Kong (China)	I	Extant	Yes
India	N	Extant	Yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	I	Extant	Yes
Iraq	I	Extant	Yes
Israel	I	Extant	Yes
Italy	I	Extant	Yes
Japan	I	Extant	Yes
Jordan	I	Extant	Yes
Kenya	I	Extant	Yes
Kuwait	I	Extant	Yes
Lebanon	I	Extant	Yes
Liberia	N	Extant	Yes
Macao (China)	I	Extant	Yes
Maldives	I	Extant	Yes
Mali	N	Extant	Yes
Mauritania	N	Extant	Yes
Mauritius	I	Extant	Yes
Myanmar	N	Extant	Yes
Nepal	N	Extant	Yes
Netherlands	I	Extant	Yes
Niger	N	Extant	Yes
Nigeria	N	Extant	Yes
Oman	I	Extant	Yes
Pakistan	N	Extant	Yes
Portugal	I	Extant	Yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	I	Extant	Yes
Qatar	I	Extant	Yes
Saudi Arabia	I	Extant	Yes
Senegal	N	Extant	Yes
Sierra Leone	N	Extant	Yes
Singapore	I	Extant	Yes
Slovenia	I	Extant	Yes
Somalia	V	Extant			Yes
South Africa	I	Extant	Yes
South Sudan	N	Extant	Yes
Spain	I	Extant	Yes
Sri Lanka	N	Extant	Yes
Sudan	N	Extant	Yes
Syria	I	Extant	Yes
Togo	N	Extant	Yes
Turkey	I	Extant	Yes
Uganda	N	Extant	Yes
United Arab Emirates	I	Extant	Yes
United Kingdom	I	Extant	Yes
USA	I	Extant	Yes
Venezuela	I	Extant	Yes
Vietnam	N	Extant	Yes
Yemen	I	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Alexandrinus krameri. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 02/07/2022. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 02/07/2022.