Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 7,030,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | unknown | not applicable | not applicable | 0 |
| Population trend | Increasing | estimated | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as generally common; abundant in Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and rare in southern China (del Hoyo et al. 2005).
Trend justification: The population is estimated to be increasing following a recorded range expansion owing to the spread of irrigation, despite the potentially negative effects of trapping pressure (del Hoyo et al. 2005).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Fiji | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Polynesia | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kuwait | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | I | Possibly Extinct | Yes | |||
| Oman | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Samoa | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tonga | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | I | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Pycnonotus cafer. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/03/2019.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/03/2019.
