Data Zone
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Andres, B.A., Smith, P.A., Morrison, R.I.G., Gratto-Trevor, C.L., Brown, S.C. and Friis, C.A. 2012. Population estimates of North American shorebirds, 2012. Wader Study Group Bulletin 119(3): 178-194.
Anon. 2009. Red Knot (Calidris canutus). Status of Birds in Canada. Government of Canada / Gouvernement du Canada. Available at: http://www.ec.gc.ca/soc-sbc/oiseau-bird-eng.aspx?sL=e&sY=2011&sB=REKN&sM=a.
Anon. 2014. Service Protects Red Knot as Threatened Species under Endangered Species Act. Available at: http://www.fws.gov/northeast/redknot/. (Accessed: 25/08/2015).
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Burton, N.H.K., Rehfisch, M.M. and Clark, N.A. 2002. Impacts of Disturbance from Construction Work on the Densities and Feeding Behavior of Waterbirds using the Intertidal Mudflats of Cardiff Bay, U.K. Environmental Management 30(6): 865-871.
Curran, J. M.; Ellis, T. M.; Robertson, I. D. 2014. Surveillance of Charadriiformes in Northern Australia shows species variations in exposure to Avian Influenza Virus and suggests negligible virus prevalence. Avian Diseases 58: 199-204.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Flint, V.E.; Boehme, R.L.; Kostin, Y.V.; Kuznetsov, A.A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
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Hansen, B. D.; Fuller, R. A.; Watkins, D.; Rogers, D. I.; Clemens, R. S.; Newman, M.; Woehler, E. J.; Weller, D. R. 2016. Revision of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Population Estimates for 37 listed Migratory Shorebird Species. Unpublished report for the Department of the Environment. BirdLife Australia, Melbourne.
Hassell, C.; Southey, I.; Boyle, A.; Yang, H.-Y. 2011. Red Knot Calidris canutus: subspecies and migration in the East Asian-Australasian flyway—where do all the Red Knot go? BirdingASIA 16: 89-93.
Johnsgard, P. A. 1981. The plovers, sandpipers and snipes of the world. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, U.S.A. and London.
Karpanty, S. M.; Fraser, J. D.; Berkson, J.; Niles, L. J.; Dey, A.; Smith, E. P. 2006. Horseshoe Crab Eggs Determine Red Knot Distribution in Delaware Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(6): 1704-1710.
Kraan, C.; van Gils, J. A.; Spaans, B.; Dekinga, A.; Piersma, T. 2010. Why Afro-Siberian Red Knots Calidris canutus canutus have stopped staging in the Western Dutch Wadden Sea during southward migration. Ardea 98(2): 155-160.
Lappo, E. G.; Tomkovich, P. S.; Syroechkovskiy, E. 2012. Atlas of Breeding Waders in the Russian Arctic. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
Leyrer, J., van Nieuwenhove, N., Crockford, N. and Delany, S. 2014. Proposals for Concerted and Cooperative Action for Consideration by CMS COP 11, November 2014. BirdLife International and International Wader Study Group.
Lilleyman, A.; Franklin, D. C.; Szabo, J.; Lawes, M. J. 2016. Behavioural responses of migratory shorebirds to disturbance at a high-tide roost. Emu 116(2): 111-118.
McGowan, C.P., Hines, J.E., Nichols, J.D., Lyons, J.E., Smith, D.R., Kalasz, K.S., Niles, L.J., Dey, A.D., Clark, N.A., Atkinson, P.W., Minton, C.T.D. and Kendall, W. 2011. Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: linking red knot survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance. Ecosphere 2(6): article 69, 22 pp.
Melville, D. S.; Chen, Y., Ma, Z. 2016. Shorebirds along the Yellow Sea coast of China face an uncertain future – a review of threats. Emu 116: 100-110.
Melville, D.S.; Shortridge, K.F. 2006. Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak. In: Boere, G.; Galbraith, C.; Stroud, D (ed.), Waterbirds around the World, pp. 432-438. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
Murray, N.J., Clemens, R.S., Phinn, S.R., Possingham, H.P. and Fuller, R.A. 2014. Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 267-272.
Nagy, S., Flink, S. and Langendoen, T. 2014. Waterbird trends 1988-2012: Results of trend analyses of data from the International Waterbird Census in the African-Eurasian Flyway. Wetlands International, Ede.
Niles, L.; Sitters, H.; Dey, A.; the Red Knot Status Assessment Group. 2010. Red Knot conservation plan for the Western Hemisphere (Calidris canutus) Version 1.1. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet, Massachusetts, USA.
Piersma, T.; Lok, T.; Chen, Y.; Hassell, C. J.; Yang, H.-Y.; Boyle, A.; Slaymaker, M.; Chan, Y.-C.; Melville, D. S.; Zhang, Z.-W.; Ma, Z. 2016. Simultaneous declines in summer survival of three shorebird species signals a flyway at risk. J. App. Ecol. 53: 479-490.
Rogers, D. I.; Yang, H.-Y.; Hassell, C. J.; Boyle, A. N.; Rogers, K. G.; Chen, B.; Zhang, Z.-W.; Piersma, T. 2010. Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai and C. c. rogersi) depend on a small threatened staging area in Bohai Bay, China. Emu 110: 307-315.
Studds, C.E., Kendall, B.E., Wilson, H.B., Clemens, R.S., Murray, N.J., Gosbell, K., Hassell, C.J., Rogers, D.I., Woehler, E.J., Jessop, R. and Possingham, H.P. 2017. Dependence on the Yellow Sea predicts population collapse in a migratory flyway. Nature Communications 8: 14895.
Threatened Species Scientific Committee. 2016. Conservation Advice Calidris canutus Red knot. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/855-conservation-advice-05052016.pdf. Australian Government. Department of Environment and Energy.
USFWS. 2014. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Protects the Rufa Red Knot as Threatened Under Endangered Species Act: Questions and Answers. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Van Gils, J. and Wiersma, P. 1996. Red Knot (Calidris canutus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Van Gils, J.; Wiersma, P.; Sharpe, C. J. 2017. Red Knot (Calidris canutus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53922 on 16 February 2017)., Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
van Roomen, M., van Winden, E. and Langendoen, T. 2014. The assessment of trends and population sizes of a selection of waterbird species and populations from the coastal East Atlantic Flyway for Conservation Status Report 6 of The African Eurasian Waterbird Agreement.
Wauchope, H. S.; Shaw, J. D.; Varpe, Ø.; Lappo, E. G.; Boertmann, D.; Lanctot, R. B.; Fuller, R. A. 2016. Rapid climate-driven loss of breeding habitat for Arctic migratory birds. Global Change Biology: online access:10.1111/gcb.13404.
Wetlands International. 2015. Waterbird Population Estimates. Available at: wpe.wetlands.org. (Accessed: 17/09/2015).
Wetlands International. 2018. Waterbird Population Estimates.
Yang, H.Y., Chen, B., Barter, M., Piersma, T., Zhou, C-F., Li, F-S. and Zhang, Z-W. 2011. Impacts of tidal land reclamation in Bohai Bay, China: ongoing losses of critical Yellow Sea waterbird staging and wintering sites. Bird Conservation International 21: 241-259.
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Calidris canutus. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-knot-calidris-canutus on 04/12/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 04/12/2023.
