Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c; A3b,c; A4b,c |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 6,840,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 4,680,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2004 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | medium | estimated | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 5.2 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population size has not been quantified, but is estimated to number >10,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: This species is thought to have undergone a decrease in North America. Taken from long-term trends (Christmas Bird Count data for 1966-2017), data suggest an annual decline of 0.78% (0.26-1.48% annual decline). This would equate to a reduction of 11.51% (4.03-20.79%) over three generations (T. Meehan in litt. 2018).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Canada | Kinosota/Leifur |
| Canada | Long Point Peninsula and Marshes |
| Canada | Pelee Island Natural Areas |
| Canada | Wye Marsh |
| Canada | Port Franks Forested Dunes |
| Canada | Carden Plain |
| Canada | Point Abino |
| Canada | Cabot Head |
| Canada | South Saskatchewan River (Empress to Lancer Ferry) |
| USA | Allegan State Game Area & Kalamazoo River (Galesburg to Saugatuck) |
| USA | Cache River SNA |
| USA | Fort Chaffee |
| USA | Confidential |
| USA | Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Area & National Wildlife Refuge |
| USA | Shugart/Felsenthal Red-cockaded Woodpecker |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Past Impact | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sturnus vulgaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Accipiter striatus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 14/08/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 14/08/2022.
