Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | C1 | A2ac+3c+4ac; C1+2a(i) |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Endangered | C1 |
| 2013 | Endangered | C1 |
| 2012 | Endangered | C1 |
| 2009 | Endangered | C1 |
| 2008 | Endangered | |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Endangered | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent Land-mass type - shelf island |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 2,080,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 1,760,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 1830 | medium | estimated | 2016 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | medium | estimated | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 20-49 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 20-49 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Largest subpopulations | 1-89 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (yrs) | 12.3 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.3,050 individuals (range 2,800-3,300). Given the opportunities for missing individuals or double counting, three-year averages (for winters 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 have been calculated: China 580; Korea 1,000, and Hokkaido 1,470. The number of mature individuals is roughly 1,830 (J. Harris in litt. 2016).
Trend justification: The population in Japan has increased but that on the continent is declining due to a number of factors, most importantly the degradation of breeding and wintering sites. Apparent recent increases are likely to reflect increased concentrations at fewer sites, and the global population is thought to have declined by at least 20% over the past 37 years or three generations (J. Harris in litt. 2009).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | V | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 3 | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Grus japonensis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2019.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2019.
